Illustrations 



1. Terra Australis (Mercator, 1587) 3 



2. The Atlantic Ocean on a half-desiccated earth 



{Endeavour, 1949) 5 



3. The Antarctic bottom current in the Atlantic 



(Wust) 8 



4. The Pacific and Indian Oceans on a half -desiccated 



earth (Schott) 9 



5. Depths in the Indian Ocean (Fairb ridge) 11 



6. Distribution of ocean and land in Mesozoikum 



(Gregory) 14 



7. Map of the Oceans in the Eocene (Von Ihering) 16 



8. Birth of the Atlantic Ocean (Wegener) 17 



9. Vertical section of a guyot (Hess) 22 



10. Seascape of a half-desiccated earth (by permission 



of the artist, Chesley Bonestell) 23 



11. Alexander the Great in his diving bell ("Pseudo- 



Kallisthenes") 26 



12. Prince Albert I of Monaco 29 



13. Ocean depths between Madeira, the Canaries, and 



Gibraltar (Schott) 31 



14. Kullenberg's piston corer 35 



xiii 



