FOUNDATIONS OF THE GREAT DEEP 39 



the floor of the Gulf of Bothnia will become dry land, bearing 

 some lakes of fresh water. 



Within the last three years the testimony of the tide-gage 

 has been strikingly corroborated by a quite different instru- 

 ment, the spirit-level. 9 In 1938 geodetic stations of southern 

 Finland, where levels had been accurately established forty 

 years before, were re-occupied. The new levels at once showed 

 that a long belt of ground had been differentially upheaved, in 

 direction and amount matching well with those expected by 

 the old method measuring the crustal warping. 



To illustrate this fact Figure 19 has been prepared. We 

 recognize the Gulf of Finland and Helsingfors or Helsinki, 



v0 HANGO 



FIGURE 19. MAP OF SOUTHERN FINLAND, ILLUSTRATING CURRENT UPWARP- 



ING IN MILLIMETERS PER ANNUM, AND ALSO ISOBASES FOR A LATE-GLACIAL 



SEA BEACH (YOLDIA SEa). AFTER T. J. KUKKAMAKI. 



now of immortal fame for its heroism. Each of the thicker, 

 continuous lines joins points of equal upwarping since one of 

 the old sea-beaches was built by the invading Atlantic. The 

 amounts of uplifting are indicated in meters. In a similar way 

 the thinner, partly broken lines of the map represent the 



