ILLUSTRATIONS 25 



Plate 

 No. Page 



35. Bosses of snow, Glacier House, B.C. 



36. Bosses of snow in a valley of the Selkirk Range, B.C. 



37. Bosses of snow formed on stumps of trees. Glacier House, B.C 



38. " Snow-mushrooms," or caps of snow formed on tree stumps 



Glacier House, B.C. .... 



189 



193 

 197 



201 

 205 



209 

 213 

 217 

 220 



223 

 226 



229 



39. A " button-mushroom " in snow 



40. The "prize-mushroom" of Glacier House, a symmetrical 



snow-cap nine feet in diameter . 



41. A nine-foot snow-mushroom seen from below 



42. Twelve-foot snow-cap on a broken tree at Glacier House 



43. Twelve-foot snow-cap seen from below 



44. Snow-cap formed upon the cross-piece of a telegraph pole 



and upon the wires .... 



45. Snow-cap upon a telegraph pole and wires 



46. "Cahots" {i.e., " jolts"), the undulations made by sledges in 



snow, Montreal ..... 



47. " Cahots," the undulations made in a road by the sledges 



which descend from the Saddlestone Quarry, Coniston, 

 Lanes ....... 233 



48. The sledge, used as a drag, which makes the " cahots " at 



Coniston ....... 237 



49. Cart and sledge descending steep track, and wheeled truck 



used to transport the sledge over flatter portions of the 

 road ........ 240 



50. Undulations made by a model sledge drawn slowly and 



steadily through slightly moist sand . . . 243 



51. Transverse furrows produced by the tread of cattle on their 



way to and from a pond ..... 247 



52. Transverse furrows produced by the tread of cattle . -251 



53. Symmetrical ripple-mark produced by waves of the sea at 



Montrose [top) ...... 259 



Unsymmetrical ripple-mark produced by waves of the sea 



{bottom) 259 



54. Ripple-mark at Grange, Lanes, in sand of a somewhat 



tenacious kind ...... 263 



55. Ripple-mark in quaking sand at Grange, Lanes . . 267 



