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AIRWAY BEACONS. — Note the existence of lighted airway beacons and give at least approxi- 

 mate positions. Note their prominence. State whether they are visible by day or night, or at 

 both times. If they are near the coast, their elevations should be given, if available. 



ANCHORAGES (in general). — A list of the best harbors of refuge for the area should be given 

 in chapter 2 (see Harbors of refuge). 



In describing anchorages in the text, give the value of each anchorage in various weather con- 

 ditions. This depends in part on conditions that are not always to be determined from the chart. 

 Obtain local reports on the value and accessibility of different anchorages under various conditions. 

 Give depth and type of bottom, and state whether the holding ground is good or otherwise, if such 

 information is available. Define by ranges or landmarks the position recommended as an anchorage, 

 if possible. Give the controlling depth of water at the entrance. If the anchorage is subject to 

 squalls, draws, or williwaws, or if the swell makes in, describe the conditions under which these phe- 

 nomena occur, the precautions necessary, etc. If the anchorage area is likely to be crowded by other 

 vessels or by moorings, describe the conditions, and state what part of the area is most likely to be 

 clear. For remote localities, describe whatever communications may be available, distance to post 

 office, etc. 



ANCHORAGES, EXPLOSIVE.— The limits of these are shown on the charts, to which reference 

 should be made. Navigators must obtain authority to use these anchorages from the Captain of 

 the Port. Refer them to that official for the rules and regulations governing their use, which are 

 changeable. Give only that part of the regulations that should be known before the Captain of the 

 Port is consulted. 



ANCHORAGES, SPECIAL. — Naval and yacht anchorages, special yacht basins, and special 

 areas for unlighted vessels. Describe these in the same manner as other anchorages. 



ANCHORAGE REGULATIONS. — Restricted anchorage areas are shown on the charts and 

 should be defined by a reference to the chart. Rules that are changeable should generally be omitted; 

 but important or unusual rules should be included. Refer the navigator to the Captain of the Porfi 

 or Harbor Master for special regulations. In all cases give such of the regulations as a navigator 

 without local knowledge must have to guide him until he can contact local authorities. 



Anchorage areas may be restricted or forbidden by either the District Engineer or the Coast 

 Guard. In some cases, publications describing the areas and giving the regulations of these agencies 

 are issued free. Where this is the case, it should be noted in the Pilot, and the address at which the 

 publication may be obtained should be given. 



Use the anchorage regulations in the "Rules and Regulations Relating to the Navigable Waters 

 of the United States," published by the United States Corps of Engineers, but see that they are correct 

 to date. Reference should be made to this publication. 



APPEARANCE OF COAST ON MAKING LAND.— General notes are to be given in chapter 2 

 (see Landfalls). 



APPRAISERS STORES.— If there is one in the port, give the address. 



APPROACHES TO HARBORS AND PORTS.— Give descriptions and sailing directions from 

 offshore and from along the coast. 



BANK. — This term when used with reference to the shore, refers to rivers only. (For its use in 

 referring to an offshore feature, see Shoals. See also 1682.) 



BARS. — Describe the principal marks and aids to navigation. Give directions for approaching, 

 with descriptions of outlying and other dangers, and how to avoid them. If the bar is dangerous, 

 state under what conditions, and describe those most favorable for entering. Give the least depth 

 and width at the best place for crossing the bar, and the most favorable time for crossing inbound. 

 State if the bar breaks in ordinary or only in heavy weather, and how far out the breakers extend. 

 Give the velocity and direction of wind, and the stage of tide producing these conditions. Give the 

 character of the bottom. Give the changes in depth and shift in position, to which the bar channel 

 and approaches are subject, if available. (See Channels.) 



BEACHES. — This term refers to the strand; there is no beach on rocky shores. Note as much 

 of the character of the beaches as is of value to the navigator. Describe places suitable for beaching 

 a vessel. 



BEACONS. — Describe location, shape, appearance, visibility under various conditions, and iden- 

 tifying marks, as the importance and value of the beacon warrants. Give the elevation. If lighted, 

 treat in the same manner as other lighted aids. (See Aids to navigation.) 



BEARINGS AND COURSES.— All courses given must be true and from 0° to 360°. Bearings 

 also must be true, but may be either in degrees or points; where accuracy is required, use degrees. 

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