Page 928 



INDEX 



Reference 

 Sono-radio buoy(s)— Continued. ^**- 



silencing circuit described 0522 



silencing circuit, ctlect of . .- 6432 



Spacinjiof 212 



stations .-. - _ 643 



strays (see also Chronograph tapes, strays).. 6852 



Excess , causes 655((') to 



Survey buoys replacing not needed tem- 

 porarily - 2546 



synibolization . 743(e) 



types --- 643 



Vincent— .{|f 



Advantages ., 653 



amplifier, description 6511 



antenna 2842(A) 



batteries 6514 



Buoyancy, reserve, of 281 



circuit diagram fig. 1S3 



coniparcd with East Coast sono-radio buoy. 653 



current rctiuirements 6514 



1 )c'script ion 651 



electric equipment (list) 6515 



Hydrophone for 651 



keying circuit, description.. 6512 



keying circuit, operation. 6512 



Operation without service 653 



performance 651 



radio transmitter .. 6513 



Description 6513 



operation 6513 



output 6513 



range of operation 651 



structure 



Construction 2842(A) 



Materials required (list).. 2842(B) 



Specifications 2842( A 1 



Wooden type (see Sono-radio buoy. East 

 Coast) 

 Sound 



Absorption of 



b V gases in water 6233 



Definition 6224 



energy in water 5141 



Attenuation of 5144 



Boundaries, at 6224 



f621 

 jg224 



Conditions in sea water causing 5144 



due to heat loss 63 



Factors causing 6224 



in a heterogeneous medium V62S3 



in a homogeneous medium 6224 



Reflection and refraction, effect on . . . 6233 



Shoal water causing 6233 



Suspended matter, effect on 623 



Temperature, in water of uniform 6233 



detecting devices (see Hydrophones and Re- 

 ceiving units) 



Diffraction of 6233 



energy absorbed in water 5141 



Energy, a form of 621 



Explosive sources used in R. A. R 62 



Generation 511 



Intensity of 



Definition 621 



distinguished from loudness 621 



Reduction of , causes 6222 



Relation to distance from source 6224 



unaffected by reflection and refraction 6224 



Interference of 6223 



between direct and reflected path 6223 



Conditions causing 6223 



Effect on range of direct path 6223 



Loudness distinguished from intensity .. 621 



Multiple reflection of 6221 



Nature 511 



Path of 



Computation of 6232 



Direct in R. A. R 6223 



Effect on strength of R. A. R. positions 6824 



First arrival wave 6232 



in an elastic medium 622 



Incident angle, effect on 6232 



in nonuniform velocity medium 6232 



Length of compared to horizontal dis- 

 tance 6221 



Pressure gradient, effect on 6222 



Shortest in an ideal medium 6222 



Tangential ray 6222 



Temperature gradient effect on 6232 



Usual encountered in R. A. R 6232 



Velocity decreasing vertically 6362(d) 



Velocity gradient effect on 6232 



Causes 



Page 



605 

 598 

 62 



rm> 



6.52 

 (i) 612 



132 

 688 



181 

 601 

 608 

 601 

 181 

 603 

 UV.i 

 (i02 

 608 

 603 

 601 

 ()04 

 601 

 603 

 603 

 608 

 601 

 603 

 603 

 603 

 603 

 601 



181 

 182 

 181 



572 

 565 

 443 

 444 

 565 

 559 

 565 

 444 

 574 

 565 

 566 

 572 

 565 

 573 

 572 

 566 

 573 



673 

 443 



558 

 558 

 437 



559 

 559 

 564 

 565 

 566 

 564 

 565 

 565 

 565 

 559 

 562 

 437 



571 

 565 

 642 

 569 

 560 

 571 

 570 



563 

 564 

 564 

 564 

 568 

 570 

 594 

 570 



Sound— Continued. Reference 



Path of— Continued. No. 



Velocity increasing moderately vertically .. 6362(6) 



Velocity increasing rapidly vertically . 6362(c) 



Velocity nearly constant vertically 6362(n) 



Physical laws of • 

 Physics of ■ 



propagation (see also Sound transmission) 



Aeration effect on 



.Xttcnuation ._ 



l)('|ilh variations, effect on 



Direction of 



Formula for angular change in 



in a heterogeneous water medium 



Factors affecting ... 



Refraction and reflection combined 



in an ideal water medium 



in shoal water 



Reflections from surface and bottom 



621 



62 



511 



621 



656 

 5143 

 5144 

 623 

 6222 

 6222 

 623 

 6232 

 6231 

 622 

 6231 

 6231 

 /621 

 \6224 



Viscosity, effect on . 



ranging (see also R. A. R.) 



Accuracy 612 



Methods .612 



Method used in R. A. R 612 



reception (see also Hydrophones and Receiv- 

 ing units) 656 



First arrival wave 6222 



Reflection of (see Reflection of sound) 



Refraction of (see Refraction of sound) 



Scattering of , effect on transmission 6233 



shadows, causes 623 



signals, length, in echo sounding 511 



source location, effect on transmission. 6231 



Spreading of , causes 6224 



Spreading of , definition 6233 



Subaqueous , first practical use 611 



transmission (see also Sound propagation) 



Atlantic Coast 6233 



Bottom configuration and material, effect 



on 6231 



Bottom slope, effect on 6231 



Current effect on 6354 



Deep to shoal water, difficulties encoun- 

 tered 6231 



dependent on medium 514 



Effectiveness off Atlantic Coast 6233 



Effectiveness off Pacific Coast 6233 



Factors affecting in water of nonuni- 

 form temperature. 6233 



Investigation difficult 62 



Knowledge limited-. 62 



Pacific Coast 6233 



Principles g 



range 

 Bottom configuration andmaterial, effect 



on 6231 



Horizontal 6221 



in uniform medium (formula) 6232 



Reflections, effect on 6232 



Source location, effect on 6231 



studies during World War I 611 



through an elastic medium 621 



Velocity gradient, effect on 636 



Vertical 



Reflections in 6221 



Water as a medium for long-distance . 621 



Velocitv of (see also Velocity of sound) 63 



Use in R. A. R 61 



wave(s) 



characteristics 621 



First arrival at hydrophone 622 



not always first detected 6222 



which is detected is used in R. A. R 622 



Phase of 



Definition 621 



568 

 567 

 592 



568 

 443 

 573 

 573 



573 

 557 

 557 

 573 

 558 

 613 



568 

 560 

 569 

 568 

 568 

 556 

 558 

 593 



560 

 559 

 573 

 555 



558 

 560 

 564 

 560 



558 

 561 

 561 



Particle velocity 6221 



Pressure 6221 



Sounding(s) (see also Depths, Depth measure- 

 ments, Echo soundings, Handlead 

 soundings, and Wire soundings) 



apparatus identified in Sounding Record 8132 759 



apparatus standardization in Sounding Rec- 

 ord 8134 760 



Bombs, with (see Bombs, sounding with) 



chair 



Launch 4625 387 



Canvas belt substitute for 4625 388 



General description 4625 387 



made from gasoline drum 4625 387 



Ship 4624 387 



General description... 4624 387 



General requirements _ 4624 387 



