76 beers. GEOPHYSICAL PROBLEMS [Ch. 4 



porting, and depositing sediments; the natural history of sediments 

 and sedimentary rocks; provenance studies, the source rocks of sedi- 

 ments; alteration of sediments by burial, compaction, chemical, ther- 

 mal, physical and igneous metamorphism ; the effects of wind, frost, 

 heat, water, ice and chemical agencies; the sedimentation cycle; the 

 evolution of soils; the geologic processes at work on soils; structural 

 geology, mountain and continent building as factors in the evolution 

 of sediments and soils. 



Applications to sedimentation. Geophysical applications include 

 problems of installations: dam site, highway and public works con- 

 struction; water supply; the properties and usage of soils. 



Hydrology 



Water and its effects constitute the subject of hydrology. Topics 

 considered are: principles of origin of ground and surface water; dis- 

 tribution and recovery of water; hydrometeorology ; precipitation, 

 distribution, and variations; surface evaporation and transpiration of 

 water; the permeability of rocks and soils; snow surveys; transporta- 

 tion of sediments by running water; sedimentation in reservoirs, lakes, 

 and ponds; the water content of soils. 



Applications to sedimentation. Applications of hydrology include 

 water-supply storage; ground water; hydroelectric projects; flood 

 control; storm protection; land drainage; irrigation; runoff control; 

 stream flow. 



Oceanography 



The ocean and its characteristics constitute the subject of oceanog- 

 raphy. Topics included are: ocean waves, tides, currents, and swells; 

 water levels: diurnal and secular variations; tsunamis and seismic 

 waves; forecasting of breakers and surf; interactions by the ocean 

 and the atmosphere; physical properties of sea water, sea-surface 

 temperatures; beach composition and construction; ocean channels, 

 their structure and alteration. 



Meteorology 



Meteorology covers the subjects of weather forecasting; climatol- 

 ogy; hydrometeorology; mean annual precipitation rates, runoff, 

 storm and flood forecasting; water levels and water supply; mean 

 annual temperature distribution. 



Applications to sedimentation. Meteorology is related to sedimen- 

 tation in many ways: water project system operations; determination 

 of maximum rainfall, flood crests, reservoir capacities, flood storage 



