482 ries. FOUNDRY SANDS [Ch. 26 



Some of it, however, is from the Raritan (Cretaceous) and the Quater- 

 nary deposits. 



Dune sands are used in large amounts. In Michigan the production 

 in 1947 was 1,900,000 tons. Dune and beach sand are also worked in 

 Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Illinois, California, Ohio, and 

 some other states. 



The naturally bonded sands are worked in many states and are 

 mostly of Pleistocene or Recent age. In those in the glaciated area, 

 the molding sand deposits are usually found with glacial deposits. 

 Recent lacustrine deposits occur in many states. As a rule, neither 

 of these two groups of deposits is of great extent or thickness. 



Marine deposits of naturally bonded sands are not extensively 

 worked. They occur in the Cohansey (Tertiary) of New Jersey, the 

 Pliocene of California, and the Tuscaloosa of Alabama. 



REFERENCES 



Adams, G. I. (1929). Molding sands of Alabama: Geol. Survey Alabama, Bull. 



35, p. 12. 

 American Foundrymen's Association (1944). Handbook of Testing Sands and 



Clays, 5th ed. 

 Chadwick, R. (1940). Deformation and flowability tests of molding sands: 



Foundry Trade Jour., vol. 62, p. 416, June 6, 1940. 

 Covan, J. (1942). Comparison and data on the durability of naturally-bonded 



and synthetic molding sands by the repeated pour method: Trans. Amer. 



Foundrymen's Assoc, vol. 50, p. 530. 

 Davies, W., and Rees, W. J. (1944). British Iron and Steel Institute, Steel Cast- 

 ings Research Committee : Paper 8. 

 Dietert, H. W., et al. (1939). The hot strength and collapsibility of foundry 



sands: Trans. Amer. Foundrymen's Assoc, vol. 47, p. 309. 

 Dunbeck, N. J. (1946). Molds and core materials: Amer. Foundrymen's Assoc, 



Southern California Chapter, Feb. 11, 1946. 

 Grim, R. E., and Cuthbert, L. (1945). The bonding action of clays: III. Geol. 



Survey, Rept. Inv. 102. 

 Kyle, P. E. (1940). Flowability of molding sand: Trans. Amer. Foundrymen's 



Assoc, vol. 48, p. 176. 

 Lissell, E. O., and Ash, E. J. (1942). A study of flowability of foundry sands: 



Trans. Amer. Foundrymen's Assoc, vol. 50, p. 637. 

 Ries, H. (1948). Properties of foundry sands: Jour. Calif. Div. Mines, vol. 44, 



pp. 9-35. 

 , and Conant, G. D. (1931). Character of sand grains: Trans. Amer. Foun- 

 drymen's Assoc, vol. 39, p. 352. 



