250 MISS A. L. E.MBLETOX OX THE ANATOMY 



But Dewitz (i6) also worked at the development of the sting in A2yls mellijica, 

 and he asserts that the three pairs of sting-rudiments arise from two segments, and his 

 fio'ures show this very unmistakably. He says : " auf der Baucliseite der beideu 

 vorletzten Segmente, dem 11. und 12., sicht man die erste Anlage des Stachels als 6 kleine 

 Warzchen, von deren 4 dem vorletzten, 2 dem drittletzten Leibesringe angehoren. 

 Die beiden letzteren kriimmensich bei ihrem spateren Wachstbum mit den Spitzen nach 

 den Seiten und sie sowohl, als auch die 4 ul)rigen liegen unmittelbar unter der Oberhaut 

 in kleinen Hohlungen." He finds the development is similar in Locusta vlrldissima, 

 and also in Vespa vulgaris, of which he remarks : "die beiden vorletzten Segmente, das 

 11. und. 12. hinter dem Kopfe zeigen wieder die 6 Stachelwarzchen in kleinen Vertief ungen 

 imter der Oberhaut liegend, welehe ebenfalls aus Imaginalscheiben entstauden sind." 



Janet (31), too, supports the view tliat the parts of the sting arise in two, and not in 

 three segments : his remarks apply to Iftjnnica rubra and are as follows : " sur le 11" 

 anneau il y a deux appendices qui sent les rudiments des stylets. Sur le 12" anneau 

 nous voyons le rudiment de la glaude a veniu, deux appendices qui se souderont plus 

 tard en una piece unique impaire et donneront le gorgeret et, enfin, sur les c6tes du 

 gorgeret, deux appendices qui deviendront les valves protectrices de I'aiguillon." His 

 figure shows this very clearly. 



Packard (44) quotes these writers, but seems to be unaware of any discrepancy ; he 

 reproduces the figures of the development of the sting in Bombus, as given by Dewitz, 

 showing that only two segments are involved, but he says, "as sliown, then, by our 

 observations and those of Dewitz, the rudiments of the ovipositor consist of tliree pairs 

 of tubercles, arising, as Kraepelin and also Bugnion have shown, from three j)airs of 

 imagiual discs, situated respectively on the seventh, eighth, and ninth uronieres, or at 

 least on the three penultimate segments of the abdomen." So far as my observations 

 go, they show that there are three pairs of tubercles, but that they arise in two, and not 

 in three, segments, there being two pairs in the posterior segment. 



Regarding the ultimate fate of the sting-buds, Kraepelin remarks that the parts 

 arising from the first of the three pairs that he admits to be present go to form the 

 oviduct and passages ; but it is very difficult to suppose that the external buds figured 

 by Bugnion on the corresponding segment could become transformed in such a mannei', 

 for it would involve a complicated process of invagination. 



I have been unable to find anything furthci' relating to the development of the sting 

 in Hymenoptera ; Zander's (66, 67) papers are on the mor2)hology of the adult structures, 

 and do not consider the larval condition. One of the most recent papers (Anglas, i) on 

 the metamorphosis of the wasp does not deal with the sting origins at all. 



V. Anatomy of Imago, 6 . (Plate 12. figs. 44, 45.) 



The male of this species differs in several respects from the female. It is smaller than 

 the largest females, being about the same size as the smaller specimens ; it looks some- 

 what longer than it is in reality on account of the fact that the wings, when folded on 



