37 



with the exclusion of the synonym of Swensk. Bot. Benlh. 



Cat. PI. Lang. Villars, Dauph. ex Mutel. 



Ulmus campestris, a. Koch, Syn. ed. 2. 734, pro parte. 

 campestris, a. vulgaris, Spach in Ann. des Set. Nat. 



2eme ser. xv. 351 et in Suites a Buff on. ; figure of the fruit. 



Nees, jun. Icon. Fl. Germ. ii. tab. 34 ; as to the figure of 



the fruit. 



■ folio latissimo scabro, Good, in Gerard Eem. 1841, 



ex Ray, Hist. PL ii. 1426. 



Witch-elm, in many parts of England. 



Chichester elm of English gardens according to Dr. 



Lindley. 

 Although the list of synonyms I have given is already too long, I 

 might add to them some hundreds more, but this would be a task as 

 useless as ungrateful. Tt is fortunate that botanists begin generally 

 to prize facts much above quotations taken at random out of enig- 

 matical books, and which, far from illustrating truth, swell every day 

 the dark abyss of botanical errors. In all cases let it be remembered 

 that in Nature all is perfection ; in human works greatness itself is 

 but a degree of weakness, and, instead of joining with those who 

 deny the existence of species because they are not able to see their 

 limits, let us rather apply ourselves to close investigation, and we 

 shall perhaps, to use an expression of Mr. Watson, learn to make a 

 difference between book-species, which are liable to changes, and real 

 species, whose variations are bounded by immutable limits. 



Hab. — Perhaps not rare through various parts of Europe and in Asia 

 Minor, but almost everywhere confounded with the preceding, and 

 for that reason the localities are not to be given in most cases on the 

 authority of others. 



Scotland ; very common there, and perhaps the only species indi- 

 genous, according to Sir W. Hooker ; near Edinburgh and Loch Le- 

 ven Island, near Kinross, Herb. Hook. England ; in many places, 

 but not so common as the preceding : Westmoreland, near Kendal, 

 Dr. Stokes ex Wither. ; Lancaster, near Warrington, Wilson in 

 Herb. Hook. No. 1 et 2 ; Monmouth, near Wind-cliff, Lindl. 

 Herb. ; Cambridgeshire, near Streatham, Leman, Herb. Ger- 

 many ; Ehrh. Exsic. No. 62, in Herb. Smith. Switzerland ; rare 

 there in the woods, but commonly cultivated, according to Gaudin : 

 Valais, ubique inter Octodorum et Sideram, Gaud. Fl. Helv. France; 

 Pyrenees, central, et orient., Benth. Cat. PI. Langued. ; Dauphine, 



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