836 



character given in the ' Flora Suecica,' the best authority for Liunean 

 species natives of Sweden, is insufficient to settle the point ; nor does 

 that of the ' Species Plantarum' assist us more, as being only a tran- 

 script from the former work ; whilst the reference in the latter to the 

 ' Hortus Cliffortianus,' together with the specimen in the Linnean 

 herbarium, incontestably show that our U. montana in its typical form 

 (the U. folio latissimo scabro of Tournefort) was what Linneus meant 

 by his U. campestris, under which, however, he included as varieties 

 our U. glabra and another, which may be intended for U. suberosa or 

 some of its forms. It being evident from the ' Hortus Cliffortianus ' 

 that Linneus considered our Wych Elm {U. montana) as the typical 

 state or primary form, a., of his U. campestris, we must so consider 

 it; for although Linneus seems to have thought all the remaining Eu- 

 ropean elms, however different in aspect (varietates longe plures hujus 

 speciei distinctas), as forming but one species, his having applied the 

 name campestris primarily to a well-recognized and distinct elm, it 

 ought not to be discarded, much less transferred, to another species 

 (U. campestris, Sm.) not indigenous to Sweden. If this last must still 

 be held distinct from U. suberosa, some other name should be sub- 

 stituted for its present one, and that of campestris restored to our 

 Wych elm, a,, being the true species so denominated by Linneus, and 

 understood as such by Swedish botanists. The figure of U. campes- 

 tris, L., in Fl. Danica, tab. 632 y bad as it is, unquestionably represents 

 our U. montana,* which, with U. effusa, distinguished by its stalked 

 flowers and ciliated samara, are the only species of elm found wild 

 in the north of Europe. Wahlenberg cites the figure and synonym 

 of U. montana in E. B. for U. effusa, in his ' Flora Suecica,' although 

 the fruit in the former is not ciliated. It appears from the ' Manual ' 

 that the samara of U. suberosa is occasionally ciliated : may not this 

 character be inconstant, and, if so, may not U. montana and U. effusa 

 be varieties of a single species ? No dependance can be placed in 

 this genus on the number of the stamens, which varies from four or 

 five to six and eight, according to the divisions of the perianth. 

 Thus in U. suberosa I find four or five (usually but four) ; in U. gla- 

 bra five, with an hexandrous flower intermixed occasionally ; in U. 

 montana, five to seven or eight. I have been at much pains to find 



* The much superior figure of TJ. campestris in Svensk Botanik. i. t. 13, and 

 which may well he accounted authority, is equally our U. montana, as is likewise the 

 excellent plate of U. campestris in Guimpel and Hayne Ahhild. der Deutsch. Holtz- 

 artin, i. t. 27. 



