(4) Frequency of occurrence of sea fog, closely related to the whaling, 

 is given below : — 



Region (Lat./Long.). 



A .. .. S. 64-66 



B . . . . S. 63-66 



C . . . . S. 65-70 ■ 



D . . . . S. 70-75 



Above is the result obtained from the records taken aboard the 

 whaling mother ship " Hashidate Maru," while the following is the result 

 recorded aboard another whaling mother ship " Nisshin Maru." 



B' . . . . S. 63-65 E. 158-163 22-3 



C . . . . S. 66-68 E. 166-171 14-0 



E . . . . S. 66-68 E. 160-164 23-1 



The most frequent fog occurrence was seen in the sea area covering 

 S. 64°-65° and E. 148°-156° showing 30 per cent. And it was 23 per 

 cent, in the sea area covering S. 63°-68° and E. 156°-163°, 15 per cent, 

 in the east of the Balleny Islands, and about 2 per cent., the least, in 

 the Ross Sea. 



CLIMATE AND WEATHER OF JAPAN 



By K. Takahashi, Central Meteorological Observatory, Japan 



Climate and weather of Japan have been studied by the author, especially 

 the synoptic aspects. Seasonal changes such as beginning and ending 

 of summer are not continuous but discontinuous. For example, the 

 temperature rises suddenly in the middle of July and falls suddenly in 

 the middle of September. Such phenomena are found in normal annual 

 change of air temperature as well as yearly annual change. This may 

 be explained as follows. In the middle of July the summer monsoon 

 begins and the frontal zone in front of Tm air crosses Japan towards the 

 north while in the middle of September, the summer monsoon is over 

 and the frontal zone re-crosses japan towards the south. Rainy seasons 

 of Japan, Baiu in June and typhoon rain in September, are accompanied 

 by the passage of the frontal zone. 



In Japan we found other rainy seasons, spring rain in March or April, 

 and winter rain in November or December, though they are not as distinct 

 as Baiu and typhoon rain. These rainy seasons occur with the passage 

 of the polar frontal zone in front of Pc air masses coming from the 

 continent as the winter monsoon. In the following table normal dates 

 and standard deviations of the beginning and ending of every season and 

 the synoptic characters of every season are shown. 



68 



