Summing up, the pattern which emerges from the present analysis 

 is as follows : — 



{a) A dry tongue along the Equator is due to water temperatures. 

 ,(&) A moist tongue immediately to the south is due to shearing 



fronts throughout the year, except in summer and early 



autumn, when it is due to the intertropical front, 

 (c) Shearing fronts are most noticeable in winter, and especially 



along the north-eastern edge of the Australian anticyclone. 

 {d) A definite frontogenetical area exists in the vicinity of Rapa, 

 (e) A small anticyclone tends to appear between the two great anti- 



c3^clones of the southern Pacific at some times of the year. 



References 



Byers, H. R. (1944) : General Meteorology. New York. 



Commonwealth of Australia (1940) : Results of Rainfall Observations Made in 



Papua, &--C. Melbourne. 

 Etablissements Francais de I'Oceanie (1940-1945) : Resume des observations faites 



en . . . Papeete. 

 Fiji Meteorological Office (1948) : Original records. Suva. 

 Haurwitz, B., and Austin, J. M. (1944) : Climatology. New York. 

 Miller, A. A. (1946) : Climatology. London. 

 New Zealand Meteorological Office (1943) : Climatological Notes, South Pacific 



Region. Wellington. 

 Petterssen, S. (1940) : Weather Analysis and Forecasting. New York. 

 ScHOTT, G. (1933) : The Distribution of Rain Over the Pacific Ocean (in Proceedings 



of the Fifth Pacific Science Congress, III, 1933). Ottawa. 



(1935) : Geographic des Indischen und Stillen Ozeans. Hamburg. 



Shaw, N., and Austin, Elaine (1942) : Manual of Meteorology — Vol. II : 



Comparative Meteorology. Cambridge. 

 SvERDRUP, H. U. ; Johnson, M. W. ; and Fleming, R.. H. (1942) : The Oceans. 



New York. 

 Thornthwaite, C. W. (1931) : The Climates of North America According to a 



New Classification. (In Geog. R., XXI, 663.) New York. 

 U.S.W.B. (1938) = U.S. Department of Agriculture, Weather Bureau : Atlas of 



Climatic Charts of the Oceans. Washington. 



Discussion 



The paper provoked considerable discussion, and many present 

 were not entirely in agreement with some of the views put forward. 

 In this connection Dr. Thomson expressed some doubt as to whether 

 the formula for precipitation effectiveness could be applied in the Tropics. 

 He pointed out that the formula was originally worked out only for a 

 section of the eastern U.S.A. He considered, however, that further 

 work should be done to test the applicability of the formula to other 

 parts of the globe. 



Mr. Simpson expressed his doubts that the low temperature of the 

 sea-surface water was a cause of the dry zone observed near the Equator, 

 but would rather consider the low temperatures of the surface water 

 as a result of divergence in wind flow. 



Mr. Rose pointed out that a Thornthwaite classification of climate 

 had been attempted in New Zealand and that the formula for precipi- 

 tation effectiveness seemed to have a broad general validity. 



Dr. Spilhaus pointed out the great difficulty caused by orographical 

 effects on rainfall of mountainous islands and doubted whether these 

 gave any indication at all of the rainfall over the sea. 



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