-«-/ol- 



4- 5 



-/O - 



-r-'afTnuaJ rone ^ 



or air t^mp. ' r» 



Jampot S*" 

 mom be.YS<::^' 



Uj 



/*7<9 /«ao /g^ 



/AJ«0 



llllllllilllliMli..ltMilliir;iMil|l 



/I/O 



l<^i.O 'fSO 



/<}*0 



Fig. 8.^ — Comparison of the year running means of tlie annual ranges 

 of air temperature at Hakodate with those of sunspot numbers 



H. H. Clayton(7) indicated that during periods of high sunspot 

 activity the pressure is lower in low latitudes and higher in high latitudes, 

 and during periods of low activity higher and lower respectively. 

 I. I. Schell(8) has recently verified the above-mentioned indications. 

 It may not be incorrect to conclude that the global pressure distribution 

 — that is to say, the intensities of general circulations on the earth — 

 is actually influenced by the sun's activity in itself. 



As shown in Fig. 8, comparison between the eleven-year running mean 

 of the annual ranges of air temperatures at Hakodate, which has the 

 oddest history of meteorological observation in Japan, and the eleven- 

 year ' running mean of sunspot numbers proves a surprising accord 

 between terrestrial phenomena and astronomical factors. 



In my opinion, as the motive power for secular climatic change 

 solar activity in itself ought to be regarded as constituting the most 

 possible factor, if not the sole. But it is a mistake, as has often been 

 attempted, to link solar activity directly to climatic factors at all places, 

 for, as the intensity of the general circulation of atmosphere on the 

 earth rises or falls according to change in the solar activity and as the 

 climatic factors at various places change under the influence of the 

 general circulation of atmosphere, for instance, it happens that the amount 

 of precipitation increases in some places and decreases in other places. 

 As will be seen from the following Table II, the secular change in the 

 amount of precipitation in summer at Hushiki and Gifu, in central 

 Japan, and those at Nemuro, in Hokkaido, are going on inversely. 



116 



