reflection and other related behaviours of long waves at a discontinuitv 

 in the section of a canal. He is now engaged in the theoretical proof 

 of Borgen's formula. 



K. Kajiura made some investigations on the hydrography of Okhotsk 

 Sea in 1948. Hidaka and T. Suzuki are planning the stereophoto- 

 grammetric study of surfs and breakers. They, too, examined the 

 secular fluctuations of the Tsushima Currents from those of the 

 inclinations of thermocline. 



Activities in Other Universities and Colleges 



In 1940 N. Inoue, who was then teaching in the Hakodate Fisheries 

 College, discussed the short-period temperature oscillations observed 

 in coastal waters. 



In 1941 N. Obara, of the Tokyo Bunrika University, published a 

 paper on the course of flow of river water poured into Shimoda Bay, 

 a little to the south-west of Tokyo. 



Hikoji Yamada, of the Kyushu University, has long been engaged 

 in the theoretical researches of wind-driven water accumulated along 

 the coast. He derived in 1945 several important results which will 

 contribute greatly to the future investigations of allied phenomena. 



Koji Fukutomi, Professor of Hokkaido University, published in 

 1947 a series of original papers on the formation and behaviour of sea 

 ice. 



M. Hatanaka, of the Onagawa Marine Chemical Laboratory, belong- 

 ing to the Tohoku University, Sendai, examined in 1947 the secular 

 variations of the water temperature along our coasts, use being made 

 of about forty years of coastal temperature observations. He concluded 

 that there is a distinct cycle of about eleven years, probably correspond- 

 ing to the cycle of solar activity. 



The Tohoku University has a Marine Biological Station at Asamushi, 

 near Aomori. Dr. Seiji Kobubo in this station is an able marine bio- 

 logical oceanographer, making hydrographic surveys in the Aomori Bay 

 several times a year and publishing the results in a monthly pamphlet 

 with the assistance of T. Kawamura. 



Present Status of the Oceanic Observations and Researches in 



Japan 



The hydrographic observations in our adjacent seas are now being 

 carried out very frequently, under the control of the U.S. Occupational 

 Forces, with the surveying ships of the Hydrographic Office, Central 

 Meteorological Observatory, including four marine observatories and the 

 Government Fisheries Experimental Station, and the local agencies sub- 

 ordinate to them. The elements observed range almost in every branch 

 of physical, chemical, biological, and geological oceanography. Activities, 

 largely suppressed during the war, are now showing rapid recovery. Still 

 the facilities and apparatus are so inadequate that the observations are 

 mostly confined to the layers shallower than 1,000 to 1,500 m. It is 

 very urgent that the equipment should be improved so as to make it 

 possible to make observations in all layers from the surface down to the 

 bottom. 



Research in oceanography is being carried on in the Tokyo, Kyoto, 

 and Hokkaido Universities, and the Government Fisheries Institute has 

 several research members, too. 



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