Literature 



Deacon, G. E. R. (1937) : The Hydrology of the Southern Ocean. Discovery 



Reports, 15, 1. 

 Defant, a. (1938) : Aufbau iind Zirkulation des Atlantischen Ozeans. Preuss. 



Akad.d.Wiss. Phys.—Math. Klasse, XIV. 

 Mackintosh, N. A. (1946) : The Atlantic Convervgence and the Distribution of 



Surface Temperatures in Antarctic Waters. Discovery Reports, 23, 179. 

 Stephenson, T. A. (1947) : The Constitution of the Intertidal Fauna and Flora 



of South Africa. Part III. Annals Natal. Mus., 11, 207. 



Summary of Discussion 



Dr. Murph}^ referred to the critical work in New Zealand of Mr. 

 Fleming, on the bird life on either side of the subtropical convergence 

 which divides the two main islands of New Zealand. Mr. Fleming gave 

 an account of his work in 1938 in attempting to apply the oceanographic 

 and sea-birds correlation of Dr. Murphy to the New Zealand region. A 

 strong correlation was obtained, together with some anomalies. With 

 regard to the latter it was intended to reserve them for review in the 

 light of further oceanographic data as this became available. 



New Zealand coasts were washed in the Cook Strait region by a 

 belt of mixed waters, which was ornithologically intermediate, having 

 two boundaries, the one at the south being more potent. The littoral 

 marine faunal provinces were well correlated with the oceanographical 

 results to a greater extent than Dr. Deacon had indicated. Powell's 

 faunal provinces were briefly discussed. Wolfgang Schott's work on the 

 stratification of bottom deposits was cited, and from speciation of one 

 New Zealand bird genus {Pachyptila) in Pleistocene times, Fleming had 

 postulated a migration of the convergence. The New Zealand situation 

 was complicated by anomalies, probably partly due to inadequate 

 information. A much closer grid of stations was required. Mr. Fleming 

 agreed with Dr. Deacon as to the thrill of passing over the convergence 

 with the accompanying sharp changes in birds and surface fauna. He 

 recalled the. appearance of Barracuda on crossing the sub-tropical 

 convergence. 



Mr. Powell referred to his investigation of the " Discovery " mollusca, 

 and pointed out that the plotting use of the subantartic and cold temperate 

 zones, as shown on Dr. Deacon's map, was not quite followed. 



Dr. Deacon stated that the " Discovery " boundaries fitted in v/ell 

 for subabyssal polyzoa, and pointed out that Stevenson's work was 

 applicable only with shore-dwelling animals. It did associate Mac- 

 quarie Island with South Georgia, though Kerguelen and Herd Island 

 were placed in the cold temperate. Professor Yonge concluded with the 

 observation that with littoral fauna the air temperature is a factor of 

 equal importance with sea temperature. 



PAST HISTORY OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF ANTARCTIC ALG^ 

 By C. Skottsberg, Gothenberg, Sweden 



[Abstract] 



The author has tried to compile a list of the truly Antarctic seaweeds 

 occurring along the coast of the continent and adjacent islands. Although 

 South Georgia lies south of the Antarctic convergence it is excluded. 

 This floristically remarkable island is transitional in character. 



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