14 EIGHTH PACIFIC SCIENCE CONGRESS 



constituted the Central Board of Geophysics early in 1949, and a special 

 committee on oceanography functions under this board. Oceanographic 

 studies have been initiated in the Central Marine Fisheries Research 

 Station and by the Indian Meteorological Department. Investigations 

 of the latter deal particularly with turbulence and microseismic waves. 

 Continuous tidal stations are maintained by the Indian Survey, The In- 

 dian Navy has conducted researches on underwater sound and the ver- 

 tical thermal structure of the sea. 



The teaching of oceanography is carried on at Andhra University 

 where physical oceanography is given in the Geophysics Department, 

 marine geology and marine zoology in the respective Departments of 

 Geology and Zoology. 



INDONESIA 



In 1948 an oceanographer, Mr. C. Ph. Veen, was attached to the 

 Laboratory for Investigation of the Sea at Djakarta. As there were no 

 sufficient instruments available at that time and as there was no vessel 

 available, only surface salinities were taken into consideration. 



This was done with the help of lighthouses, taking daily samples, 

 and with the help of merchant ships. These merchant vessels take a 

 sample of sea water every month, wherever they may be. Gradually this 

 service grew and nowadays there are about 125 ships concerned in the 

 work, bringing in 42000 samples of water yearly to the Laboratory. Two 

 Dutch and one Danish shipping companies are involved. 



In the beginning only Indonesia waters were considered but later 

 it became clear that for a thorough understanding of what was happen- 

 ing with the currents during the different monsoons, an extension proved 

 to be unavoidable. So nowadays samples are collected even in the Indian 

 Ocean to the South and West of Indonesia and beyond the Torres Strait 

 in the East and to the northwest in the China Sea up to Formosa, 



Out of all the data collected, monthly charts of salinities were 

 mapped and three monthly means were drawn up for the full West and 

 East Monsoon and for the times between. 



This was published up to 1951 in the periodical OSR NEWS and a 

 second publication was made wherein all data of Schott, the Snellius 

 and other sources were taken into consideration. This too was published 

 in the OSR NEWS. 



In 1952 a research vessel, the "Samudra," was put into commission, 

 given to Indonesia by the FOA administration of the United States, 

 meant chiefly for the use of fisheries exploration but fully equipped for 

 oceanographic research. It is too early now to give results. 



The biologist devoted some time to the work of the Indo-Pacific 

 Fisheries Council, an international council sponsored by the FAO. Most 



