40 EIGHTH PACIFIC SClJlNCE CONGRESS 



the Central Marine Fisheries Research Station water samples collected 

 from various localities with details of temperature and exact location 

 of stations from where samples are collected, and these samples are sub- 

 sequently analyzed. A further extension in the collection of water 

 samples through the Merchant Naval Vessels is at present under con- 

 sideration. 



Some work is also being carried on by the Indian Meteorological 

 Department particularly relating to turbulence and microseismic waves. 

 The survey of India maintains continuous tidal recording stations in all 

 major ports. The Indian Navy has a research laboratory at Cochin, 

 on the west coast, where research on underwater sound and oceanogra- 

 phy is undertaken. They are now in the process of setting up a wave 

 recorder and are also studying the vertical thermal structure of the sea. 

 Future plans also call for seismic studies of the sea floor. The survey 

 ship INS "Investigator" conducts hydrographic investigation along the 

 extensive 2900-mile coast of India. 



The teaching of oceanography is carried on at Andhra University, 

 Waltair; physical oceanography in the Geophysics Department, marine 

 Geology and marine Zoology in the Geology and Zoology Departments, 

 respectively. The University is conveniently located on the central part 

 of the east coast adjacent to an excellent harbour, Visakhapatnam. 

 Cruises have been made out of Visakhapatnam along the east coast be- 

 tween Calcutta and Madras, and one extending around the southern 

 tip of India to Cochin. On these cruises students are trained in the 

 especially interesting, primarily because the currents are completely 

 reversed when one monsoon is replaced by the other. There is great 

 dilution from the enormous rivers; the submarine canyon "Swatch of no 

 Ground," probably sets forth turbidity currents; and upwelling and 

 sinking appear to be present at different seasons. Recently work on 

 these lines has been initiated by a visiting scientist. Prof. E. C. la Fond, 

 from the U.S.A. 



PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY IN JAPAN 

 IN THE PERIOD 1949-53 



By Koji HiDAKA 



1. Introduction 



This is the report on the activities in physical oceanography in 

 Japan for the years 1949-1953, or since the Seventh Pacific Science Con- 



