REPORT ON OCEANOGRAPHY 89 



For these purposes the Guano Company installed a central depart- 

 ment of Oceanography and Ichthyology in their head office at Lima 

 from which depend three biological stations, one occupied with investi- 

 gations of the normal and abnormal behavior of birds, another one 

 which has been mainly studying for four years the variations and de- 

 velopment of plankton, and a third one occupied mainly with the stu- 

 dy of the biology and life cycle of the anchovy. The outcomes of these 

 investigations shall be published twice a year in a special bulletin en- 

 titled "Scientific Bulletin of the Company for the Administration of 

 Guano" (Boletin Cientifico de la Compania Administradora del Gua- 

 no). The first issue is already in print. 



Scientific oceanographic expeditions have worked in Peru in 1952 

 and 1953, in collaboration with the Guano Company and the Hydro- 

 graphic Service of the Navy. In 1952 Peru was visited by the "Shellback 

 Expedition" of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography which carried 

 on her way to Callao one employee of the Guano Company and from 

 Callao to Puntarenas, Costa Rica, two other employees of the same 

 company. A special boat of the Navy of Peru made, during the same 

 time, cruises on zones beforehand appointed. 



In 1953 the "Yasa" expedition of Yale University came to Peru, 

 which worked with the representative of the Hydrographical Service of 

 the Navy and the Guano Company. 



Educational work on oceanography is at its beginning. The Geo- 

 graphic Institute of the University of San Marcos, Lima, has just started 

 a series of lectures on oceanography applied to Peru. The students 

 are mainly graduates of that same Institute and they work mostly as 

 teachers in Peruvian public schools. It is hoped that the number of 

 general lectures on the influence of the sea in Peru and in the human 

 activities on its coast will be steadily increasing. 



CHILE 



Pure oceanographic research has not been conducted to any sig- 

 nificant extent by Chilean investigators. Their tendency has been to 

 study the sea as the habitat of organisms of commercial importance. 

 In view of this, the FAO Fisheries expert. Dr. Erick Poulsen, made 

 some observations of temperature down to 80 meters, as a complement 

 of his study of the populations of hake in the coast of Chile. 



Another FAO expert. Dr. Fernando de Buen, during his investiga- 

 tions of the biology of pelagic fishes of commercial value which habits 

 are very much influenced by oceanographical changes, made observa- 

 tions of temperature and salinity at different depths, in 15 stations. 

 He also collected samples of plankton in meritic and oceanic waters. 



