282 EIGHTH PACIFIC SCIENCE CONGRESS 



of which the most utilized are: Cancer polyodon Poeppig, 1836 and 

 C. plebejus Poeppig, 1836 (JAIBA PELUDA); Homalaspis plana Milne 

 Edwards, 1834 (JAIBA MORA or MORADA); Ovalipes punctatus De 

 Haan, 1833 and Taliepus dentatus Milne Edwards, 1834 (PANCHOTE). 

 The aggregate catch was over 300 tons between 1945 and 1949, but 

 declined in 1949, to increase in 1951 to 623 tons. 



CAMARON DE MAR (Prawn), Rhynchocinetes typus Milne Ed- 

 wards, 1837. Of wide distribution; found in Chile, Peru, New Zealand, 

 and Indian Ocean. In Chile its production has decreased from 83 in 

 1947 to 16 tons in 1951, Valparaiso being one of the most important 

 producing centres. 



TUNICATA 



PIURE or PIVRE (Sea-squirt), Pyura chilensis Molina, 1782 (Van 

 Name, 1945) of wide distribution, from the Peruvian port of Mollendo 

 (17 °S) in the North to Chiloe Is. (about 42 °S). It lives in shallow 

 waters and is caught mostly for fresh consumption. Some factories in 

 Calbuco can it "au naturel." It is an irregular oval shaped tunicate 

 growing in very close groups, each individual independent with its own 

 cuticular test. Its test and internal organs are consumed fresh or 

 smoked; industrial utilization is negligible. In 1948, 235 tons were 

 caught, but production has considerably diminished and in 1951 was 

 only 91 tons. 



MOLLUSCA 



CEPHALOPODA 



CALAMAR (Squid), Loligo gain D'Orbigny, 1835. Small cepha- 

 lopoda about 10 cm. long consumed canned in oil. Although its area 

 of distribution is extensive, including the biogeographical Peruvian 

 and Patagonian provinces of South America, it is only processed in Cal- 

 buco with a net production of 1,111 Kg. in 1951. It is also used as 

 fishing bait. 



PULPO (Octopus), Polypus fontaineaniis D'Orbigny, 1835. In- 

 habitant of the Chilean and Peruvian coasts; of a vivid red colour with 

 granulated body surface. The maximum length observed is about 25 

 cms. Its arms are eaten, but it is not processed and is captured in small 

 quantities. 



JIBIA (Cuttlefish), Dosidicus gigas D'Orbigny, 1835. Big nocturnal 

 cephalopoda usually beached in great quantities at Ritoque, Reiiaca, 

 Constitucion and Talcahuano; utilized as fishing bait for cusk eel 

 {Genypterus sp.). 



