GENERAL CIRCULATION OF THE PACIFIC OCEAN 549 



(8) Subsurface circulations also show similar patterns except for a 

 general subsidence as we go down into deeper layers. Still, it is remark- 

 able that we have far stronger currents than expected from Ekman's 

 classical theory even at a depth much larger than Ekman's depth of 

 frictional influence at which we can scarcely expect any motion except 

 very close to the Equator. This seems to show us that the winds are 

 responsible for the most part of the tropospheric motion of water. 



16. Acknowledgments 



This research was initiated several years ago. Due to the great 

 amount of computational work, however, the author had to ask finan- 

 cial aid from the Ministry of Education, Japanese Government. Actual 

 computations have been carried out in Tokyo by Miss T. Osada, Miss T. 

 Yoshimura, and Miss K. Maruyama since December, 1951. 



The completion and publication of this work were accomplished 

 at the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas. Several persons 

 in the Department of Oceanography helped greatly in its preparation. 

 The author is very much indebted to Dr. Dale F. Leipper, Head of 

 the Department, for his kind suggestions and advice. Mr. Robert O. 

 Reid was also greatly interested in this research and gave several sug- 

 gestions to the author. Dr. Walter Saucier was kind enough to check 

 the mathematical analysis and the English. Mr. Richard M. Adams 

 and Mr, George B. Austin assisted the author in preparing the manu- 

 script. Dr. Walter H. Munk of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 

 University of California, and Mr. H. Stommel of the Woods Hole 

 Oceanographic Institution kindly furnished the author with data of 

 wind stresses in the Pacific Ocean which enabled him to determine the 

 meridional distribution of the semi-permanent wind system. 



It is the author's utmost pleasure here to express his deepest thanks 

 to all who helped him in carrying out this research. 



June 17, 1953 



References 



Defant, Albert. 1928. Die systematische Erforschung des Weltmeeres. 

 Gesellsch. fiir Erdkunde zu Berlin, Zeitschrift, Jubilaums Sonderband. 

 p. 450-505. 



Ekman, V. W. 1905. On the Influence of the Earth's Rotation on Ocean 

 Currents. Arkiv for Matematik, Astronomi och Fysik, Stockholm 1905- 

 06, Vol. 2, No. 11, p. 1-52. 



HroAKA, KOJI. 1950. Drift Currents in an Enclosed Ocean. Part I. Geo- 

 physical Notes, Tokyo University. Vol. 3, No. 38, p. 1-23. 



1951. Drift Currents in an Enclosed Ocean. Part III. Geo- 

 physical Notes, Tokyo University. Vol. 4, No. 3, p. 1-19. 



