SUBMARINE CANYON INVESTIGATIONS 



By Francis P. Shepard 



Scripps Institution of Oceanography 

 University of California, La Jolla, Califoiyiia, U.S.A. 



[Published: Proceedings of tlie EightJi Pacific Science Congress, vol. 

 II A (Geolog)' and Geophysics and Meteorology), p. 820-826 

 (1956)] 



SURFACE TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY IN THE 

 SOUTHWEST PACIFIC OCEAN 



By D. M. Garner 



Oceanographic Observatory 



Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Wellington 



New Zealand 



Abstract 



From material recently collected, the hydrology of surface waters 

 in seas around New Zealand is discussed in a series of papers to be pub- 

 lished in forthcoming issues of the New Zealand Journal of Science and 

 Technology. The disposition of mean monthly sea surface isotherm? 

 is described over an area from the East Australian coast to the 180th 

 meridian between latitudes 20°S and 46°S. Differences between these 

 patterns for individual years and the charts showing mean monthly 

 isotherms published by the United Kingdom Meteorological Office, 

 are defined and discussed in terms of climatological factors. These pat- 

 terns are also discussed in terms of oceanic circulation and, in part- 

 icular, features of the flow of subtropical water southwards off the 

 east coasts of Australia and New Zealand are described. With the aid of 

 thermograph records obtained on transTasman and tropical commercial 

 routes, the fine temperature detail associated with the water masses 

 (defined by the mean patterns), and their boundaries, are described. 

 Similar records, obtained in New Zealand coastal waters, establish the 

 relation between water circulation and bottom topography, and define 

 areas of upwelling, and the distribution of subtropical, subantarctic, 

 and coastal water types. 



To a more limited degree, salinity in the various water masses 

 defined by the temperature patterns is also discussed. 



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