THE SCHIZOPODA. 109 



Avas taken live times at night — 8 p.m., 9 p.m., 12 midnight, 1 a.m., 2 a.m., — and three 

 times in daylight — 6 a.m., 1 p.m., and 6 p.m. Between 50 fathoms and the surface it 

 occurred in every liaul throughout the twenty-four hours, and so also in the 75 and 100 

 fathoms hauls. 



S. Suhmil is known as a creature of the upper strata of the ocean. Apparently its 

 vertical movements in July were inconsiderable ; and, indeed, if we suppose that its 

 activity was sufficient to enable it to avoid nets visible to its remarkable optical 

 apparatus {cf. Chun, Biblioth. Zool. 18S8), we have no evidence of any diurnal vertical 

 movement. However, though such a supposition might not be unreasonable in the 

 case of adults, we cannot believe that the larv^ae, which formed the bulk of the night- 

 catches in superficial strata, could altogether avoid nets fished in daylight in the same 

 region. 



Euphamla Millleri we, take to be a much more active form, and one which in July 

 {e. g. St. 23 a, 1000 to 750 fath.) penetrated to strata lower * than those frequented by 

 S. Suhmii. During the twenty-four hours it was taken at the surface only in hours 

 of darkness — viz. 10 p.m., 12 midnight, 2 a.m., and 3 a.m., six hauls in all. At 25 

 fathoms to the surface, also, it was only taken at night or at twilight — viz. at 8 p.m., 

 9 P.M., 11 p.m., midnight, 1 a.m., and 2 a.m. At 50 fathoms to surface it occurs in six 

 hauls, and at 75 fathoms to surface in seven hauls, all during the lioursof darkness. At 

 100 fathoms to siirface it was taken in every haul (nine) in dark or twilight, and only in 

 three out of thirteen hauls in daylight. There were, as the talile shows, numerous hauls 

 during daylight at the surface, and thereto from 25, 50, and 75 fathoms. 



We cannot deduce from the measurement of specimens any constant difference of size 

 in relation to vertical distribution, and since small specimens were taken at all depths it 

 seems impossible to assu.me that the negative results of daylight nettings in the upper 

 strata are unimportant. It would seem that in Jiily there was only a remnant of full- 

 grown E. j)ellucida, and we cannot believe that the capture of the young examples whicli 

 form the bulk of tlie gatherings could have been seriously affected by the success of their 

 endeavour to avoid the net, since such success must have been maintained to the not 

 profusely illuminated depth of 100 fathoms. In our opinion E. pellucida in July, in the 

 Bay of Biscay, rises at night and sinks at daylight, but far be it from us to attempt to 

 state the vertical movements of an individual. 



Meganyctiphmies norveglca, of which the individuals, though not full-grown, were all 

 large in comparison to E. Ilnlleri, was never taken in tlie hours of dayliglit, and never 

 even at night, in surface-nets. It occurs three times in nets towed at 25 fathoms and 

 thence to the siu-face, four times in nets towed at 50 fathoms, four times in nets towed 

 at 75 fathoms, and only becomes general in nets towed at 100 fathoms. The horizontal 

 loctis is, as we believe, rather far seaward from its general haunt, but we are here 

 concerned only wdtli its vertical movements. 



Where Avas Ileganyctiphanes during the day ? An animal taken in fifteen niglit- 

 hauls (as many as forty-two specimens in one havd) cannot have been absent from the 



* Compare p. 122. 



