48 BOTANICAL SKETCHES FROM NORTH WALES. [February, 



On the rocks here Cotyledon Umbilicus grew profusely and 

 luxuriantly. The extreme altitude of this plant is estimated at 

 900 feet above the coast line. From observations made in Wales 

 last summer (1859), its extreme recorded elevation was found to 

 be somewhat under the mark. Probably 50 or 100 yards might 

 be added to the estimate given above. 



The southern slopes of the Berwyns are clothed mostly with 

 Grass. The E,ush_, Heath, and other moor plants, only appear 

 near the summit, but they clothe the entire north or Welsh side 

 slope, till within about a mile or so of the vale of the Dee. 



Among the • Heath, as we came along, fine specimens of the 

 Cowberry, Vaccinium Vitis-id(Sa, were noticed, with here and 

 there the straggling or trailing stems of the Cranberry, V. Oxy- 

 coccus, now exhibiting its beauteous floral gems : it is a lovely 

 little creeper. 



Plenty of the Cloudberry, Rubus Chamcemorus, grows in peat- 

 bogs; but we did not see any specimens. 



We reached home in little more than five hours, well pre- 

 pared to enjoy the repose of the morrow, which was the day of 

 rest. 



Our botanical knowledge was not much increased by this long 

 walk. The only plants collected at the falls were Saxifraga hyp- 

 noides and Geum 7'ivale. There are many other plants there, but 

 they are mostly of more frequent occurence than these are. 

 Among these may be mentioned Cardamine sylvatica or C. hir- 

 suta, Luzula sylvatica, Valeriana officinalis, and multitudes of 

 the Liady Fern, etc. The Woodrush appeared on the very sum- 

 mit of the mountain. 



Our next long walk, on the 27th June, was to Llan-y-Mowddy, 

 about eighteen miles from Bala. 



The road to this, one of the most interesting of all the plea- 

 sant vales of Wales, and there are many, is through Bala, along 

 the eastern side of the lake Llyn Tegid. 



From Liandderfel the most picturesque route is to cross the 

 river at the lower end of the village, and to go along under the 

 wall of Plas. About a mile from the bridge there is a very 

 agreeable little view of a mill, a deep glen, a bridge, and a water- 

 fall. Here the road joins that from Llangynog, and both united 

 pass under an extensive hanging wood, which clothes the steep 

 rocky mountain from the base nearly to the summit : this wood 



