398 CHAPTERS ON FUNGI. [Octohev, 



Suborder 4. Torulacei. 



In this group there is no trace of any perithecinm whatever, 

 and the plant consists almost wholly of spores^ which are gene- 

 rally arranged in erect moniliform chains, separating at the joints. 

 The spores are sometimes simple and sometimes septate. 



I shall instance the genus Torula as typical of the suborder. 



ToRULA. 



Spores chained together into moniliform, erect flocci, without 

 any common peduncles, filled with a grumous mass. 



Torula antennata, Pers. Antennceform Torula. Spores 

 oval, obtuse at either end ; flocci aggregate. — Grev. Sc. Crypt. 

 FL t. 245. 



On stumps and sticks. Not uncommon. 



Forming deep black patches, an inch and more in breadth, 

 and which when submitted to the microscope are found to con- 

 sist of erect threads of oval spores, which become truncate at the 

 ends by separation at the joints. These spores are of a dark- 

 brown colour when viewed as transparent objects. 



Sufliciently common on dead sticks and stumps, especially 

 small hazel-stumps. It may be known by its very black line, 

 but all the minute Fungi require the aid of the microscope for 

 their determination. 



Suborder 5. Pdcciniacei. 



The Fungi of this division attack living plants, and are dis- 

 tinguished by their elongated septate spores (generally) produced 

 on peduncles. 



I shall instance the genera Aregma and Puccinia. 



Aregma. 



Spores moniliform-connate, opaque, with very long, free, pel- 

 lucid peduncles, at length separating from each other, and con- 

 taining a single globular mass {sjjorule). 



Aregma mucronatum, Fr. Rose-leaf Aregma. Spores 5-7, 

 the terminal one sterile, apiculate ; stem slender, incrassated at 

 the base. — Grev. Sc. Crypt. Fl. t. 15. 



On leaves of various Roses, in fields and gardens. Common 

 in autumn. 



Forming little black scattered tufts on the under surface of the 



