857 



instead of the right. On the sandy ground here, as indeed in many 

 other places, we find Fumaria parviflora and Vaillantii abundantly. I 

 have not, in this excursion, seen much of the larger forms, but the 

 four smaller seem distinctly characterized. In F. parviflora the seed 

 ends in a blunt acumen, giving a somewhat lengthened form to the 

 12 3 4 5 



1, 2, 3. — Fumaria micrantha, Cosscni. 

 Pithiviers. 7. — F. micrantha, Sussex. 8 



7 8 9 



4, 5. — F. parviflora, Plain of Varenne, 



6.— F. Vaillantii, 

 F. officinalis, England. 



-F. officinalis, Beauvais. 



whole fruit ; and though in F. officinalis and Vaillantii there is some- 

 times a sort of umbo, yet this rather occupies a terminal hollow than 

 forms of itself a projection. In F. officinalis the calyx, on the first 

 opening of the flower, is as long as the germen ; in Vaillantii it is 

 extremely small and evanescent, so much so that it is often difficult 

 to be certain that there is any, even before the flowers are open ; 

 in micrantha, on the contrary, it is broad, more than half as long as 

 the flower, and exceeding at all times the seed-vessel. The ca- 

 lyx of F. parviflora is larger than that of Vaillantii, but this, as I have 

 already observed, is distinguished from all the others by the fruit. 



Our next plant is Verbascum thapsiforme, which is also very com- 

 mon, but flowering rather later than many of the plants of our walk. 

 The large flower and the lengthened lower anthers are the first things 

 to be attended to. Cosson &c. make the character depend upon the 

 greater proportionate length of the filaments, but I do not find this to 

 be correct. The anther is lengthened quite as much in proportion as 

 the filament ; and it is to be observed that in V. Thapsus the two 

 lower filaments and anthers are somewhat longer than the others, and 

 in all the species of Verbascum where this takes place, the lengthen- 

 ed anther is smooth at the top, and sometimes in its whole length. 

 Another point is in the base of the leaves, which are always so 



