902 



paper formed by quartering half a sheet of foolscap, and on each 

 quarter can be laid three or more of the cases (except those of the 

 largest size, two of which will fill the paper). The species may now 

 be distributed according to their respective sizes, and one paper will 

 be allotted to each species, thus leaving a reserve for varieties, and 

 specimens from different localities. The names will be written on 

 each of the cases, and the whole formed into fasciculi, with the gene- 

 ric names outside ; two or more fasciculi may be allowed for the more 

 numerous genera. A herbarium formed according to this method is 

 always neat, and easily referred to ; the specimens may be taken out 

 of the packets, examined and replaced without incurring any risk of 

 injury. Extra papers can always be added when required. Very lit- 

 tle trouble is necessary for drying mosses, Hepaticae, &c. Specimens 

 should generally be moistened previous to the application of pressure. 

 Old books will be found a convenient substitute for loose paper: the 

 specimens should be placed between the leaves and left untouched 

 till thoroughly dry, nor need they be removed except when required. 

 As directions are always much more easily written than understood, 

 and fearing this might be applicable to the above, I gave them to a 

 lady, requesting that she would put them in practice ; and in a very 

 short time, to my great satisfaction, I beheld many papers arranged 

 exactly, though perhaps with greater neatness, like those in my own 

 herbarium. — F. Townsend ; Ilmington, Shipston-on-Stour, January 

 16, 1844. 



448. Notice of a Carduus found near Saffron Walden, Essecc. 

 The following is a brief description of a curious variety of Carduus 

 (arvensis?) found in the autumn of 1843, about four miles from Saffron 

 Walden ; it was growing by the road-side, on a poor clay soil, in the 

 neighbourhood of a wood. Only two plants of it were in flower, one 

 of which was spreading and much branched, the other small, but pre- 

 senting similar characteristics. Near them C. arvensis, acaulis and 

 lanceolatus were growing abundantly. Root creeping : stems much 

 branched, about two feet high, leafy and woolly : leaves nearly simi- 

 lar to those of C. arvensis : flowers numerous, on separate stalks, as 

 large as those of C. acaulis, and very similar in colour ; calyx-scales 

 mostly green ; pappus rather short. In general habit it agrees most 

 nearly with C. arvensis, but differs in its spreading, woolly stem, in 

 its flowers being thrice the size, and of a crimson colour; in the 

 calyx-scales being less coloured, and in the shortness of the pappus. 

 From C. acaulis it differs in its size, bushy character, and in its leaves; 

 also in its numerous flowers ; but agrees in the colour and size of its 



