918 



vesting trunks and branches of fir-trees, along with C. glauca, but al- 

 though apothecia are frequent on the latter, only one specimen of the 

 former has as yet been found possessed of them. C. Islandica is scat- 

 tered plentifully over all the Clova mountains, and occurs sparingly 

 on the Sidlaw-hills. C. nivalis, in the Clova district, is confined to 

 the summit of the Bassies. 



Usnea harhata, Ach. Several specimens of this were found with 

 apothecia in the Deerhill wood. 



Alectoria juhata, Ach. A specimen or two of this were gathered in 

 the same wood in April, with apothecia, which are different from what 

 has been previously figured as such, and which Sir W. J. Hooker and 

 Mr. Borrer pronounce to be the true fructification. As this lichen is 

 very abundant in Deerhill wood, I have good hopes of being able to 

 supply each subscriber to my botanical distribution of 1844, with a 

 fructified specimen. William Gardiner. 



Dundee, February 12, 1844. 



Art. CCVII. — Notes on Career teretiuscula, C. paradoxa, C. pani- 

 culata, and Mr. Gibson's C. pseudo-paradoxa. By George 

 LUXFORD, A.L.S., &c. 



(Concluded from p. 897). 



The three recognized species of Carex, the names of which stand 

 at the head of these notes, fully exemplify the absolute necessity of 

 studying numerous specimens of plants, from different localities, be- 

 fore we can arrive at anything like a connect estimate of the extent of 

 their variations in habit, or discover the permanent character peculiar 

 to the species to which they respectively belong.* These three spe- 

 cies, together with Carex vulpina and Mr. Gibson's C. pseudo-para- 

 doxa, form a small but natural group of British Carices, which agree 

 generally in their compound inflorescence, but more particularly in 

 their perigynia being cordate at the base and stipitate, with the style 

 more or less enlarged in the lower part. The inflorescence of Carex 



* By the word -permanent, as used above, must not be understood an unvarying ad- 

 herence to size, form, colour or proportions, but such a degree of general resemblance 

 among themselves, often more readily seen than described, as w^ill enable the student 

 to refer the objects of his investigation to a certain determinate standard, usually de- 

 nominated the normal form or type of the species. The limits of possible variation 

 from this staudard are frequently very wide. A reference to our domestic animals, 

 and our cultivated plants and fruits, will explain my meaning. 



