415 



examples we shall express the two equal angles by the term " normal 

 angle." 



Eyebright {Euphrasia officinalis) . Normal angle 45 deg., average. 



Scabious {Scabiosa succisa). N. a, 40 deg, upper branches and 

 veins ; 35 deg. lower veins and root-leaves. 



Knapweed {Centaurea nigra). N. a. 55 deg., average. The veins 

 at the base of the leaf run alongside the middle vein ; and, in keeping 

 with this, the plant has a tendency to send off several branches from 

 the root, with tufts of root-leaves. This arrangement seems to be 

 carried out in the ribbed leaves, and whorls of root-leaves and flower- 

 stalks, of the plantains, such as our well-known ribwort. 



Fumitory {Fumaria officinalis). N. a. 60 deg. 



Meadow-sweet {Spiraa Ulmaria). N. a. 35 deg. ; terminal branches 

 and veins somewhat less. 



Groundsel [Senecio vulgaris). N. a. 30 deg. 



Gentian {Gentiana campestris) . N. a. about 20 deg. 



Corn Marigold {Chrysanthemum segetum). N. a, 35 deg. 



Speedwell {Veronica Beccahunga). N. a. 45 deg. 



Buckwheat {Polygonum Persicaria [? Fagopyrum. — Ed.] ). N. a. 

 40 deg. 



Hawkbit {Apargia autumnalis). N. a. about 50 deg. 



Thistle {Carduus arvensis). N. a. 35 deg. 



Nipplewort {Lapsana communis). N. a. about 40 deg. 



Dead-nettle {Lamium album and purpureum). N. a. 45 deg., 

 average. 



Avens {Geum urbanum). N. a. 35 deg., avex'age. 



Vetch {Vicia lutea). N. a. for branches and leaflets about 45 deg. 



Millfoil {Achillea Millefolium). N. a. for branches and divisions 

 of leaflets 35 deg. 



Speedwell { Veronica Chamadrys). N. a. varies from 35 deg. to 45 

 deg. 



Wood Sage {Teucrium Scorodonia). N. a. 35 deg. 



Chervil {Anthriscus sylvestris). N. a. about 45 deg. 



Mint {Mentha arvensis). N. a. 40 deg., average. 



Nettle {Urtica urens). N. a. 49 deg. The leaf, besides, has seve- 

 ral principal veins springing from the base, which are represented by 

 a bushy stemage at the root. 



Atriplex {Atriplex patula). N. a. 45 deg., average. 



The angles, as given above, have been deduced from measurement 

 of numerous specimens, in different localities ; and where the word 

 " average " is added, it is to be understood that the angles of branches 



