419 



Deg. 

 Horse chestnut . , 50.55 

 Service-tree .... 48 

 Siberian lilac •• . . . 40 

 White lilac (at widest) . 58 

 Broad-leaved spindle-lree 40 



Raspberry 42 



Portuf?al laurel . . 50.60 

 Bay laurel .... 50.60 

 Laburnum (sml. branches) 60 

 Gray willow . . . 60.64 

 Pyrus domeslica ... 35 



Deg. 

 China Aster. . . . 28.30 

 Antirrhinum . . . 28.30 

 Ten-week stock . . 35.38 

 Xeranthemum lucidura 18.20 

 Solidago Virgaurea . . 30 

 Clarkia elegans . . 36.40 

 Queen of the meadow 30.35 

 Wild geranium i. . 50.64 



Trees. 



Privet . . 

 Bird cherry . 

 Lime . . . 

 Hazel . . 

 Jessamine , 

 Mountain ash 

 Rhododendron 

 Holly. . . 

 Red dog-wood 

 Osier willow 

 Guelder rose 



Deg. 

 . 50 

 60.64 

 . 40 

 42.43 

 40.45 

 . 45 

 . 70 

 . 55 

 . 45 

 45.50 

 . 45 



Herbaceous Plants, 



Marigold . 

 Rose willow 

 Zinnia . 

 Fuchsia . 

 Valerian . 

 Salvia (red) 

 Pentstemon 



Deg. 

 38.48 

 30.35 

 23.25 

 . 60 

 . 25 

 . 35 

 . 38 



Deg. 

 Rose ..... 50 

 Sycamore .... 45 



Cherry 50 



Ash .' 60 



Elm 50 



Alder 50 



Box 60 



Oak 50 



Beech 45 



Orange . . . . ?55 

 Birch .... 48.35 



Lupin . . 



Phlox . . 



Poppy . . 

 Verbena 

 Columbine 



Mallow . . 



Alonsoa . . 



Deg. 

 40.44 

 40.48 

 20.25 

 35.38 

 25.28 

 36.38 

 38.40 



In the leaves of many trees the small veins come off at a wider 

 angle than the large veins. But it may be observed, too, that in 

 many trees the small branches come off at a wider angle than the 

 large branches, as in the oak, for instance. What woodmen in this 

 part of the country call spray seems in the tree to correspond to the 

 small veins in the leaf. 



Dr. M'Cosh likewise added the following notes on the measurement 

 of angles, &c. : — 



1 . The instrument employed is the old goniometer, being a semi- 

 circle gi'aduated with a movable index. 



2. The angle of the leaf can easily be measured. The angles of 

 the branches of herbaceous plants can easily be taken in autumn. It 

 is more difficult to determine the normal angles of trees. It can be 

 done either by taking a young tree not bent with the wind, or twisted 

 by the weight of its own branches ; or, better still, by taking the 



freely-grotving branch of a healthy tree, and measuring the angle of 

 its branchlets, the most of which will be found within a few degrees 

 above or below the normal angle. 



3. In measuring the angle of ramification, take the axis below the 



