561 



1. North-eastern Division. 



Tlie north-eastern division has the river Thames for its north and 

 north-western boundary to Kingston, and thence by the turnpike- 

 road to Ewell, which forms the western. The southern is continued 

 by the turnpike-road from Ewell, running through Cheam and Cars- 

 halton to Croydon, and thence to the borders of Kent, which fur- 

 nishes the eastern boundary, including an area of about ninety-seven 

 square miles. 



The whole of this division, with the exception of a narrow slip of 

 the chalk on the southern boundary, in the vicinity of Cheam, Sutton, 

 &c., belongs to the London-clay formation, and is comparatively low. 

 The various elevations on the north side, as Denmark Hill, Heme Hill, 

 Richmond Hill, &c., although of no great height, still command some 

 extensive prospects. It also forms the hills running southward along 

 the Kentish border from New Cross, Forest Hill, Sydenham, and Nor- 

 wood, where the hills attain an elevation of 389 feet above the level 

 of the sea. The northern portion from New Cross to Battersea is 

 covered with alluvium, as is the case along the river between Putney 

 and Richmond. It is estimated that in some situations the total thick- 

 ness of the clay is nearly 1000 feet, whilst that portion which extends 

 into Surrey does not exceed from 500 to 600 feet. 



This division is principally drained by the river Wandle, and by 

 two other minor streams — the Hogg's-mill River and the stream which 

 joins the Thames near Putney. 



2. Eastern Division. 



The eastern division is bounded on the north by the turnpike-road 

 leading from Croydon, through Carshalton and Cheam, to Ewell, which 

 separates the north-eastern division. The western boundary, commenc- 

 ing from Ewell, is continued on by the turnpike-road to Epsom, and 

 thence towards Reigate to its junction with the Reading and Reigate 

 Railway. The southern limit is formed by the continuation of the 

 railway to the junction, and thence by the road leading through 

 Bletchingly and on to the borders of Kent, the latter constituting the 

 eastern boundary. Its area is almost ninety-five square miles. 



The entire division is occupied by the chalk formation. The chalk, 

 as seen by the map, occupies a considerable area, and is a portion of 

 the North Downs. On the north side of this range several layers of 

 the plastic clay occur, and are seen cropping out from beneath the 

 London clay at Ewell. On the south side a terrace of considerable 



VOL IV. 4 c 



