829 



equivalent to the pendulous anatropal ovule with raphe aversa. That 

 it is so, he thinks proved by the examples of Statice and Plumbago, 

 the structure of which he describes and compares with that of Gom* 

 phrena and Philoxerus ; and he adduces the instances of Trianthema 

 on the one hand, and Galenia and Tetragonia on the other, as well 

 as certain genera of Sapindaceae, in which the embryo is more or less 

 curved, to show that there is no absolute distinction between anatro- 

 pal and campylotropal ovules. 



2. The pendulous ovule, with the raphe lateral, is a character of 

 frequent occurrence ; it was particularly noticed and accurately 

 figured in Cornus and Marlea, in Sir W. Hooker's 'Journal' for 

 May, 1850. Mr. Clarke has hitherto observed it in only two 

 instances in which the carpel may be considered as anterior, viz., in 

 Goniocarpus and Valeriana ; but it is nearly so in Trichocladus, and 

 probably also in Morina. He has not yet observed it among Endo- 

 genous plants. Of its occurrence among Exogenous plants, he enu- 

 merates the following instances : — 1. Malpighia, and other genera of 

 Malpighiaceae, in which the funiculus (representing the raphe) is con- 

 stantly lateral. 2, Suriana, as figured by Prof Lindley. 3. Ilex. 

 4. Halesia. 5. Viburnum. 6. Acrotricbe. 7. Myoporum. 8. Lo- 

 nicera (sp. loculis uniovulatis). 9. Probably in the 1-seeded fruits of 

 Oleinse. 10. Thesiura. This section concludes with some observa- 

 tions on the variation from raphe aversa to raphe lateralis, which 

 sometimes occurs in the same family, as in Corneae and Malpighi- 

 aceae, which Mr. Clarke believes to offer an explanation of the vari- 

 able relation of the ovule to the funiculus, which is common to both 

 lUecebreae and Chenopodiaceae. 



3. The raphe next the placenta is well known as the most ordinary 

 position in pendulous anatropal ovules, and Mr. Clarke only suggests 

 the inquiry whether solitary ovules having this character ever occur 

 among Endogenous plants. 



4. Of the erect ovule, with the raphe turned away from the pla- 

 centa, Mr. Clarke has met with only three instances, two of them 

 occuiTing in cases where there are two ovules. These are Penaea 

 fruticulosa and Calytrix virgata, in the latter case less completely 

 averse than in the former. The principal instance, however, is that 

 of Compositae, where the raphe in four or five genera examined was 

 always found to correspond with the anterior angle of the ovary. 

 That the anterior is the fertile carpel in Compositae Mr. Clarke thinks 

 is shown (in addition to the arguments previously adduced by him) 

 by the fact that in Aster Sibiricum, he has always found the ovule 



