1863.] NORFOLK BOTANY. 397 



land, yet cod and other large fish are obtained here, and plenty 

 of haddocks, mackerel, and herrings. 



Fishing and navigation are the mainstays of Great Yarmouth. 

 Miles of nets are spread out on the Denes every morning, and 

 taken up in the evening and carted off to the yawls or fishing- 

 boats. 



The wheel carriages of Yarmouth are very characteristic of the 

 place. They are of the simplest possible construction, consisting 

 of two shafts with a few cross-pieces of wood where the load is 

 placed, and where the driver stands. The wheels are very low, 

 and are placed underneath the carriage, not by its side. They 

 are as simple in their contrivance and structure as the rest of 

 this antique vehicle. 



The two wheels are united by what is more like a nave than 

 an axletree, and they appear to move on an iron spindle, or pin, or 

 rod, which is fixed into the frame of the carriage. The wheels 

 appear to be so connected as to form one entire piece of mecha- 

 nism. 



These Yarmouth buggeys resemble the ancient British war 

 chariots, only they have two poles and one horse. The ancient 

 chariot had one pole, and was drawn by a pair of horses. 



When it is considered that the soil of the Denes is as uniform 

 as any soil can be, and that the exposure has as little variety as 

 possible, the visitor will not be disappointed by the poverty of 

 their flora. 



The following list was compiled after walking over the Denes 

 in all directions once or twice every day in the third week of 

 July; these walks were taken mostly in the morning before 

 breakfast, or in returning home from a longer walk. 



It should be premised that the Denes, where most remote 

 from the sea, are enclosed and surrounded by deep ditches, and 

 the marsh plants are spreading in this direction. 



Alisma ranunculoides is one of the marsh plants which are ad- 

 vancing onwards as the sea retires ; and both forms of the great 

 Water Plantain are common enough here, as everywhere else. 



Cakile maritima and Honckenja peploides are genuine marine 

 productions, never growing beyond the reach of the sprinklings 

 of salt water. 



Camelina sativa here, as everywhere else (?), tells its own story, 

 viz. that it is an intruder. It was seen only in suspicious 



