578 ON THE BOTANY OF MALHAM. [July, 



the Cove and Gordale Scar find their place. The tarn is high up 

 on the broad terrace between the top of the Cove and the second 

 great ridge, 1200 feet above the level of the sea. The village of 

 Malham lies about a mile from the foot of the Cove, at a height 

 of rather more than 600 feet.^ 



It will be readily seen that such a piling-up of rocks as this is 

 far from usual. The geological phenomena by which the scenery 

 may be interpreted are no less extraordinary. To enter upon 

 this interesting subject here is impossible, and it must suffice to 

 say that Malham is situated on the edge of the Great Craven 

 Fault, to which disturbance it owes the huge and precipitous 

 limestone scars which now form its most characteristic feature. 

 At the Cove the mountain limestone forms a compact band about 

 400 feet thick, with numerous vertical fissures. The valley of 

 the Aire below the Cove is occupied by Yoredale rocks, consisting 

 of alternating layers of limestone and millstone grit, with iron- 

 stone and coal in smaller quantities. The subject may be pur- 

 sued further with the aid of Professor Phillips^s ' Illustrations of 

 the Geology of Yorkshire,' or his cheaper and more popular work 

 on the ' Rivers, Mountains, and Sea-coasts of Yorkshire.' 



The following Florula of Malham (to use a convenient though 

 barbarous term) has been drawn up from personal observations 

 extending over several years, various MS. lists, and one or two 

 printed catalogues. An excellent series of papers by Dr. Windsor 

 {' Phytologist,' N.s. vol. i.), which contains a large number of 

 Craven stations for the rarer plants, has been consulted through- 

 out. I have been able to verify most of his Malham localities. 

 In all cases where I have found the plants w^ situ, the mark (!) 

 is added. The very common species are omitted. 



Plants observed in the neighhourJiood of Malham, Yorkshire. 



KANUNCULACB^. 



Thalictrum mittus, L. The normal form is littoral. T. calcareum, Jord. 



Grows near the top of Gordale ! 

 T. Jlexuosum, 'Reich. .? (T. eminens, Jord.?) Gordale! In some lists this 



is styled T. majus. The T. majus of Dr. Windsor's list ( N.s. i. 



263) is the same as the Gordale plant. 

 Trollius europaus, L. Pastures above and below the Cove ! 



* The poet Gray has left an admii-able description of Gordale among his letters. 

 (See his Correspondence with Wharton, Oct. 18th, 1769.) 



