VIOLACEyE. 71 



Sepals ovate^ obtuse. Lateral petals slightly bearded. Spur ob- 

 tuse, longer than the calycine appendages. Capsule oblong, an- 

 gular, glabrous. 



Marshy places on turfy heaths, or in moist mountainous 

 woods. Per. ; April- July. 



1 1 With a stem. 



V. sylvestris, Lam. — V. sylvatica, Fr. — V. canina? Smith 

 in English Flora. — Bog's Violet, e.b. 620. — V. flavicornis, Forst. 

 in E.B.s. 2736. ? l.b.s. 135. 



Root simple or branchiag, fleshy or woody, surrounded near 

 the crown -svith the bases of the decayed leaves, not stoloniferous. 

 Primary or central stem woody at the base, barren. Flowering 

 stems lateral, ascending, more or less leafy and branched. Leaves 

 reniform or cordate, crenulate, pointed, stalked ; stipules toothed, 

 lanceolate. Pedicels axillary, elongate, bracteate near the flower. 

 Sepals narrow, lanceolate, scarious at the margin, two of them 

 produced at the base, the three others shorter. Spur pale blue 

 or somewhat white. Capsule oblong, triquetrous, glabrous, with 

 two intermediate rounded ridges and with a tapering point. Seeds 

 smooth, shining, obovate. 



On banks and open places. Per. ; April-September. 



A variety of this Violet from Barnes Common and other open 

 places in Surrey agrees with the above in specific characters, 

 though much reduced in the size of its organs. The leaves are 

 rather more leathery and more finely crenulate. The bracts are 

 also similarly situated, and the lateral petals have a similar tuft 

 of hairs on one side above the claw. 



Var. a. sylvatica, Fr. The common form as described above. 



Var. /3. flavicornis. — e.b.s. 2736. — This is distinguished from 

 the former, a. sylvatica, by its more leathery (coriaceous), plane, 

 not wrinkled, leaves, and its deeper blue fiowers with a pale yel- 

 lowish spur. 



On dry open places. 



In all these forms there is always present a barren or flower- 

 less stem which bears only a rosette of leaves, whence flowering- 

 shoots are developed next season. 



V. canina, Lin. ? — V. flavicornis, Sm. and of l.b.s. 135*. — 

 V. pumila. Hooker and Arnott. 



Primary and lateral stems elongated and flowering. None of 

 the stems or shoots in this form are barren. Leaves cordate, 



