316 BRITISH BOTANY. 



Tkibe II. — Fruit with a thin endocarp, sometimes cartilaginous, 

 never bony, 



Pyrus, Lin. — Trees of greater or less elevation, with toothed 

 leaves and umbellate flowers. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, roundish. 

 Ovary 2-5-celled, with 2 ovules in each. Styles 2-5. Fruit 

 round or turbinate, crowned by the persistent limb of the calyx. 

 Endocarp (lining of the cell) cartilaginous or membranous. 



P. Malus, Lin. Apple-tree. — e.b. 179. A. 16. C. 60. Lat, 

 50-57°. Alt. 0-200 yds. Tem. 51-47°. 



Tree of moderate elevation, with spreading branches. Leaves 

 ovate or oblong or orbicular, toothed or crenulate, slightly downy 

 when young, on very short petioles. Flowers large, roseate on 

 the outside or entirely white, on short pedicels. Fruit large, 

 downy when in a young state, glabrous when old, umbilicate 

 both at the base and at the apex. 



Woods and hedges. Perennial ; April, May. In fruit Sep- 

 tember and October. 



Var. a, glabra. — Leaves glabrous. Fruit very austere. 



Var. /S, tomentosa. — Leaves pubescent. Fruit agreeable. This 

 tree or this variety is said to be the original of the hundreds, or 

 probably thousands, of sorts of Apple-trees, which have been cul- 

 tivated everywhere from time immemorial. 



P. communis, Lin. Pear-tree. — e.b. 1784. l.c. 362. A. 8. 

 C. 20. Lat. 50-54°. Alt. 0-100 yds. Tem. 51-48°. 



A more or less lofty tree : often a branching shrub in a wild 

 state. Leaves ovate or obovate or ovate-oblong, petioled, with 

 short points, finely toothed or crenulate, downy below, coria- 

 ceous shining above. Flowers large, on long stalks. Fruit 

 smooth, bitter in the spontaneous^ and more or less sweet in the 

 cultivated state. 



Hedges and woods. Flowers in April ; bears fruit in August. 



P. domestica, Sm. True Service-tree. — e.b. 350. l.c. p. 15. 



Trunk large, with erect Ijranches. Leaves pinnate, stalked ; 

 leaflets lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, sharply serrated, downy. 

 Flowers in rather dense panicled cymes, densely woolly. Fruit 

 large, pyriform. 



A solitary tree in Wyre Forest. See ' Phy tologist,' n. s. vol. 

 i. pp. 278, 343, 354, 392. Flowers in April and May ; is in 

 fruit in September. 



P, Aucuparia, Linn. Rovmn-tree. Mountain Ash. — e.b. 



