1859.] CHAPTERS ON BRITISH BOTANY. 171 



Shewing their names, kinds, descriptions, places, manner of propagation, 

 countries, various uses, qualities, and natural principles, etc. Together 

 with their medicinal preparations, virtues, and dose, Galenically and Che- 

 mically handled and perfoimed according to the newest doctrines of phi- 

 losophy, herbarism, and physick. 



" The whole being adorned with variety of matter, and observations, not 

 only medicinal, but relating to the alimental and mechanical uses of the 



PLANTS. 



" Pit for divines, and all persons of any other profession or calling what- 

 soever, that use to read the Holy Scriptures, wherein they find not only 

 physic for the soul, but also, with the help of this herbal (may the better 

 understand the Bible, which also yields them) safe medicines, for the cure of 

 their corporal diseases. The like never extant before. 



" By William Westmacott, of the Borough of jSTewcastle-under-Line, in 

 the County of Stafford, Physician. 



" Adoro Scrlptiirce plenitudinem. — Tertul. 



" London, printed for T. Salusbury, at the King's Arms, next to St. Dim- 

 stan's Church, in Fleet Street, 1694." 



Thomas Newton^s ' Sacred Herbal^ is a translation of Levinus 

 Lemnius, and its object is sufficiently explained in its title, 

 viz. : — 



" A Herbal for the Bible, containing a plaine and familiar exposi- 

 tion of such similitudes, parables, and metaphors, both in the Okie Tes- 

 tament and in the Newe, as are borrowed and taken from herbs, plants, 

 trees, fruits, and simples, by observation of their vertues, qualities, 

 natm'es, properties, operations, and effects. And by the holie prophets, 

 sacred writers, Christ himself, and his blessed Apostles, Usually alledged, 

 and unto their heavenly oracles, for the better beautifieing and plainer 

 opening of the same profitably inserted,. 



" Drawen into English by Thomas Newton. 



"Imprinted at London, by Edmund Bollifant, 1587." 



From the above it will be seen that Thomas Newton^s transla- 

 tion of Lemnius was printed and published seven years before the 

 Doctor's, though the latter modestly tells the reader that the 

 " like (was) never extant before." Newton's Herbal is not com- 

 piled on Galenical principles of cold and hot, in the first, second, 

 or third degree, etc., but it is much fuller or more complete than 

 Westmacott^ s, and it is also explanatory of Holy Scripture. 



Harris's ' Dictionary of the Natural History of the Bible ' is a 

 very useful work, and is compiled, as its author states, from Cal- 

 met, Olaus Celsius, Scheuchzer, Hiller, etc. It was reprinted 



