1859.] REVIEWS. 313 



which has been used for the purpose of medicine to the nose ; 

 and we believe at a very early period the Achillea Millefolium 

 was used to produce bleeding of the nose, and the powder of the 

 Achillea Ptarmica to stop bleeding. Shakespeare, although he 

 makes no mention of tobacco, speaks of Spear-grass to tickle 

 noses with ; and the valorous Sir John FalstafF recommends his 

 ragged soldiers to tickle their noses with Spear-grass to make 

 them bleed. In Holland's translation of Pliny there is mention 

 made of a Grass, which being put up the nose caused bleeding.* 



The first snuff-takers made their own snuff by grating tobacco 

 into powder and filling their boxes as occasion required, and 

 other herbs and scents were often added. One of the receipts 

 tells us that Mint dried and powdered makes a pleasant snuff, or 

 some rose-leaves and cloves distilled and powdered and put to 

 snuff, or what herb or flower you please. 



We think few snuff-takers of the present day would like the 

 powdered Mint for snuff: it seems to us more palatable to the 

 stomach, particularly in sauce. 



Chapter six, " On the Culture, Manufacture, and Consumption 

 of Tobacco,^' we do not think necessary to add to our notice, and 

 we leave our readers to refer to the work itself; the fact every 

 day noticed of the very general use of tobacco is sufficient to 

 give us an idea of the extent of our manufacture of the article. 

 We must not conclude without noticing the preface to Mr. 

 Fairholt's work, in which he modestly tells us " that his father 

 was a tobacconist, and that he when a child rolled in the tobacco- 

 leaf as country children would roll in a hayfield,'' and played at 

 " hide-and-seek in the empty barrels.'^ Mr. Fairholt admits that 

 he is not a smoker, yet he strongly advocates its practice, and 

 writes in praise of smoking the weed as one " of many virtues ex- 

 cellent ;" and concludes by terming smoking " the contemplative 

 man's recreation" and "the anodyne of poverty." S. B. 



* Yarrow is called Nosebleed and also Sneezewort, and WMte Hellebore is 

 called Neesewort or Niesing-root, in some of our old dictionaries and herbals. 

 In the ' Homish Apothecary,' printed in 1561, we have the following for a pain in 

 the head : — " If the head-ache cometh of superfluity of blood, then make him thus 

 to bleed at the nose without smarte. Take seedes of red nettles and braye them 

 to powder in a morter, blow a Kttel of the same into his nose with a quill. But if 

 ye cannot get seedes of Nettles, put a bole of the herb called Millefoil or Parbe into 

 the nose, and rub the nose outwardly and then shall it bleed." 



N. S. VOL. Vlll. 2 S 



