93 
REVISION OF THE INDIAN SCREWPINES AND 
THEIR ALLIES. 
By S. Kurz, Esq. 
(Plates LXII. and LXIII.) 
This revision of Indian Pandanacea is founded especially upon the 
rich collection of forms growing in the Botanical Gardens at Bnitenzorg, 
Java. Since I left that place I have had opportunity to compare many 
continental forms, so that I hope to have mastered the greater bulk 
of Screw-Pines occurring in India. Therefore 1 venture to publish my 
observations, moreover as I feel convinced that a final elaboration of 
this apparently difficult group can be effected only after the first step 
is done, — that to elucidate the material already published, and to com- 
pare it in nature. 
Regarding the limits of species, Orders, etc., in the alliance of Spa- 
diciflora, I defer to say anything, as I find it premature to speak about 
a thing that we have been unable until now to explain satisfactorily, 
contenting myself to bring the different forms into such a frame, that 
they might be recognized easily hereafter. Having done so, and using 
the word " species " only as a substitute for the denomination of some 
temporary form, or of an alliance of such forms as are observed to 
pass into each other during our present period of experience, I hope 
to avoid the views of the so-called hairsplitters. 
Typhacece are incorporated, by Dr. J. D. Hooker, in Aroidea, and 
there is indeed little difference when comparing Gymnostachys and 
Acorns. It is however a logical consequence to connect also Panda- 
nacea and Cyclanthacea with the same family, as I can bring forward 
r, ot a single fact which could be important enough for a separation. 
Thus we would have reduced the class of Spadiciflone to the Natural 
Order of Aroidea, Juss. 
Nipa is now, I hope, generally admitted to Palma, even as Phyte- 
lephas must form an allied family or subfamily to that Order. 
xhus we would obtain the following suborders for consideration: — 
*• Typhaceje. — Flores monoid, spicae v. syncarpia ; achenia v. 
drupae ; ovula pendula, cum embryonis extremitate radiculari 
supera. — Jlerbm aroidete, foliis distichis v. inermibus, floribuz in 
tpicas v. in glomerulos aggregatis. 
VOL. V. [APRIL I, 1867.1 I 
