28 GORTNER AND Harris: Fruirs oF PASSIFLORA GRACILIS 
(f) Six external sutures, three placentae, slight and generally 
abortive prolification of four external carpels; 4 samples, 14-17. 
(g) Eight external sutures, four placentae, slight and generally 
abortive prolification of three external carpels; 1 sample, 18. 
(h) Eight external sutures, four placentae, slight and generally 
abortive prolification of four external carpels; 2 samples, 19, 20. 
(i) Six external sutures, three placentae, large living prolifica- 
tion of four external carpels; 2 samples, 21, 22. 
(7) Eight external sutures, four placentae, large living pro- 
lification of four external carpels; I sample, 23. 
METHODS 
The rarity of the abnormal fruits is a source of great difficulty 
in the collection of the samples. As the fruits were dissected, 
each abnormal was placed in a dish provided with a ground glass 
cover and containing bibulous paper saturated with water in 
order to prevent, as far.as possible, any drying out of the fruits. 
A normal to serve as a check was at once opened and placed in a 
similar receptacle. These two were kept side by side until it 
was necessary or convenient to combine abnormalities belonging 
to the same type and their check fruits in a pair of larger moist 
chambers. As soon as a sample of any type conveniently large 
for the extraction of juice was secured, the collection of another 
general sample and check was begun. 
Thus, while the different samples of abnormals came from 
various plants and were necessarily held for varying lengths of 
time, the fruits of each sample and of the check with which it was 
compared were drawn in equal numbers, and at the same time, from 
the same individual plants and recewed parallel treatment in every 
detail. . 
The juice was secured by means of a large “‘beef-juice’’ press. 
It was filtered clear through a dry barium filter (S. & S. No. 589), 
and the depression of the freezing point (A) determined in ‘the 
well-known Beckmann apparatus. The specific gravity of the sap 
at 20° C. was found by weighing in a pycnometer holding 5.2405 
grams of water at 20° C. The concentration of dissolved sub- 
stances was determined by evaporating a measured volume (10- 
15 c.c.) to dryness in glass weighing bottles, first in a water oven 
