LEVINE: CyTOLOGY oF HYMENOMYCETES 143 
Strands connecting nuclei and sterigmata have been observed 
also by Petri (1902) and Van Bambeke (1903). Petri holds 
that these fibers are extensions of the nuclear membranes. He 
counts five to six chromosomes in the first division; Van Bambeke 
agrees with Maire as to the number of chromosomes in the Basidio- 
mycetes. Harper (1902) shows the presence of six to eight 
chromosomes on the spindle of Hypochnus subtilis. In this 
species he found all the cells of the thin filmy subhymenial layer 
binucleated. ; 
Miss Nichols (1904) finds binucleated cells in the rhizomorphs 
of Hypholoma perplexum, Crepidotus, Corticium lilacino-fuscum, 
Dictyophora duplicata, Poria, Pholiota praecox, Lepiota naucina 
and Lycoperdon pyriforme, and holds that there is in Hypholoma 
perplexum an uninterrupted series of binucleated cells from the 
rhizomorphs through the stipe, pileus, trama, and subhymenium 
to the basidium. The germ tubes from spores of this fungus and 
Coprinus ephemerus, grown in pure culture, are commonly multi- 
nucleated; although binucleated cells were found in the mycelia 
of Coprinus ephemerus twenty-four hours old. 
Fries (1911!) figures and describes synapsis, longitudinal 
splitting of the spirem, spindles with centrosomes and astral rays 
in the basidium of Nidularia pisiformis. He holds that on the 
primary spindle six to eight chromosomes can be seen. In the 
second division the chromosomes in the equatorial plate are four 
in number while the number seen at the poles is but two. He 
observed also the strands connecting the nuclei and sterigmata 
and describes granules which he associates with centrosomes, on 
the walls of the basidium at the points where the sterigmata are 
to appear. Fries (19112) also confirms in toto Maire’s observations 
on the nuclear phenomena in Hygrophorus conicus and holds that 
only one nucleus is found in the subhymenial cell and young 
basidium. Kniep (1911) grew the mycelium of Armillaria mellea 
from spores in a gelatin medium, and reports that its mycelial 
cells are uninucleated throughout. He figures basidia formed 
directly from this uninucleated mycelium without the development 
of acarpophore. Whether the bodies Kniep figures as basidia are 
really these organs seems doubtful. 
Recent investigators have devoted much attention to the 
