Vol. 40 No. 10 
BULLETIN 
OF THE 
TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB 
ee ree 
OCTOBER, 1913 
Notes on Carex—VII 
KENNETH K. MACKENZIE 
CAREX UMBELLATA AND ITS ALLIES 
A study of a number of recent collections, chiefly from the 
western part of the United States, has brought about the con- 
clusion that in addition to Carex umbellata Schk. and Carex deflexa 
Hornem. and their allies, there are a considerable number of ad- 
ditional species belonging to the group Montanae, characterized | 
by the development of pistillate spikes on subradical peduncles 
or on very short culms. 
A natural division of these species can be made from certain 
characters taken from the perigynia. While all of the Montanae 
have the perigynia strongly 2-ribbed or 2-keeled, certain species 
of the group now under consideration found in California also 
have the outer face finely many-nerved. In all other members of 
the group the perigynia are nerveless or at most have on one face 
a few partly developed nerves on the lower half of the body. 
Next to be separated are two closely related species of the 
southeastern United States (Carex nigro-marginata and Carex 
floridana). These are to be distinguished by the fact that while 
the spikes are on very short culms and may appear basal they are 
not on basal peduncles. Each culm really bears one to several 
pistillate spikes sessile at the base of the staminate spike; and 
elongated radical peduncles bearing only pistillate spikes are not 
‘normally developed, as in the remaining species 
After making this division probably the most satisfactory’ and 
[The ButteTIN for September (40: 461-528) was issued 10 S 1913-] 
529 
