LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 



Bold Headlands on Lake Superior Frontispiece 



CHAPTER I 



PAGE 



FIG. i. Eroding Clay Bluffs on the Shore of Lake Michigan with 



Vegetation Sliding Down into Lake 2 



FIG. 2. Serried Ranks of Billows, Lake Superior Shore ... 3 



FIG. 3. A Stream Cutting Its Banks 4 



FIG. 4. A Mountain Torrent in Its Narrow Valley . . . . 5 



FIG. 5. The Beginnings of a Ravine near Glencoe . . . 5 

 FIG. 6. A Deep V-Shaped Ravine near Fort Sheridan . . .6 



FIG. 7. The Dalles of the Wisconsin River 7 



FIG. 8. The Valley of the Illinois at Starved Rock .... 8 

 FIG. 9. A Narrow Rock Ravine Ending in a Waterfall at Starved 



Rock 9 



FIG. 10. The Glacier, a Stream of Ice, Canadian Rockies . . 9 

 FIG. ii. Clay Pinnacles, Rainwashed, near Lakeside, Michigan 



Inset, Near View of Pinnacles 10 



FIG. 12. Talus at Foot of Cliff and Outwash from the Hills . . 12 



FIG. 1 3 . A Hill of Sand Moving Inland, South End of Lake Michigan 1 3 



FIG. 14. A Blow-out in the Dunes 14 



FIG. 15. A Filling Pond 15 



FIG. 16. A Flood Plain Where Deposits Occur Annually, Salt Creek 



near Brookfield 15 



FIG. 17. Up-Arched Rock Strata, Pennsylvania . . . . 18 



FIG. 1 8. Lava Outflow Forming Great Areas of Rock . . . 19 



FIG. 19. The Terminal Moraine of a Glacier 19 



CHAPTER II 



FIG. 20. Canon Diablo 24 



FIG. 21. A Spiral Nebula 24 



FIG. 22. Diagrammatic Section of the Earth 26 



CHAPTER III 



FIG. 23. The Quarries of Stony Island Showing Opposite Inclina- 

 tion of Strata 37 



FIG. 24. Diagram of Rock Strata Found in Deep Boring at Lock- 

 port, Illinois 38 



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