120 A NATURALIST IN THE GREAT LAKES REGION 



such as are present in common field milkweed. Seaside 

 spurge (Fig. 80) has milky juice. The leaves are long and 



narrow, with squarish ends. It 

 is a much-branched plant, low 

 and spreading. Mullein is the 

 common weed known by its 

 thick leaves, densely covered 

 with hair which gives them a 

 velvety feel. It is also known 

 as velvet plant. Sand cherry 

 (Fig. 86) has a smooth, reddish 

 bark characteristic of cherry 

 trees. This bark peels off in 

 thin sheets and is marked by 

 horizontal lenticels. The 

 leaves are long, narrow, larger 

 at the outer end than at the 



FIG. 84. Long-leaved 

 Calamovilfa longifolia. 



stem, and the fruit is a good-sized cherry, one-half inch or more 

 in diameter, that is quite tasty though somewhat acrid. The 

 furry willow (Fig. 87), Salix 

 syrticola, is a low shrub with 

 twigs and leaves covered with 

 dense hair. The leaves have 

 large stipules. The broad- 

 leaved willow, Salix glauco- 

 phylla, is also found on the 

 fore-dune zone. It is also a 

 shrub with leaves that are 

 dark green, shiny above, and 

 light green below. 



Next comes the cottonwood 

 zone (Fig. 88). The cotton- 

 wood tree is the one tree that 

 can stand the open dunes. It is one of the poplars (Populus 

 deltoides}, recognized by its broadly triangular leaves that are 



FIG. 85. Marram grass, Ammophila 

 arenaria. 



