222 A NATURALIST IN THE GREAT LAKES REGION 



undergrowth of shrubs and herbaceous plants and a distinct 

 community of the forest crown. 



The cicada or periodical locust (Fig. 299) sings its strident 

 drone in the tree tops, though most of its life, as a nymph, is 

 spent in the soil stratum of the forest. The katydid, Cyrtophil- 

 lus perspicillatus, lives its entire life from egg to adult in the 

 tree tops. The tree cricket (Fig. 300) is common, as also the 

 walking-stick. There are a number of butterfles and moths 



FIG. 300. Tree crickets of several species: a, male, b, female of Oecanthus 

 fasciatus; c, Basal joint of antennae of 0. fasciatus; d, 0. angustipennis; c, 

 0. quadripunctatus ; f, 0. latipennes; g, 0. nivens. 



whose larvae feed upon the foliage. Among these are the tiger, 

 swallowtail (cherry), and the giant swallowtail (hop, tree) , the 

 walnut sphinx, the lunar moth (hickory, walnut), the royal moth 

 (walnut), imperial moth (many trees), Polyphemus (many), Pro- 

 methea (cherry), yellow-gray underwing (hickory), the widow 

 (hickory), Cecropia (many). 



Many beetles are peculiar to the forest crown such as the oak 

 twig pruner (Fig. 301), the hickory girdler, Oncideres cingulatus, 

 whose larvae develop in twigs that have fallen to the ground after 

 being girdled more or less completely by the adults up in the 



