328 A NATURALIST IN THE GREAT LAKES REGION 



Trees Continued 



Muhlenbergii, cinquapin or chest- 

 nut oak, 132, 137, 139 

 palustris, pin or swamp oak, 139 

 rubra, red oak, 137, 138, 139 

 velutina, black oak, 132, 137, 139, 



264 

 Salix: 



longifolia, 272 

 lucida, shiny willow, 183 

 nigra, 272 



Sassafras variifolium, 131, 732 

 Thuja occidentalis, arbor vitae, 124, 



126, 127 

 Tilia americana, linden or basswood, 



137, 138, 221, 274 

 Ulmus: 



americana, white elm, 138, 203, 205, 



272 

 fidva, red or slippery elm, 137, 203, 



272 

 Trillium, Trillium grandiflorum; T. re- 



curvatum 

 Turtle, see Reptilia 



Unglaciated region, 60 

 Upheaval of rock beds, 17, 18 



Valley: drowned, 18; formation, 4, 5, 



7, 8, 9. 



Valley trains, 20, 64, 66, 67, 87 

 Vines: 

 Celastrus scandens, bittersweet, 122, 



124, 730, 131, 274 



Lonicera Sullivantii, honeysuckle, 274 

 Menispermum canadense, moonseed, 



273, 274 

 Psedera quinquefolia, woodbine, 124, 



130, 274 

 Rhus Toxicodendron, poison ivy, 124, 



7J7, 132, 274 



Smilax hispida, 272, 273 

 Vitis: 



aestivalis, summer grape, 130, 131 



cordifolia, frost grape, 130, 131 



wlpinus, river-bank grape, 130, 



131. 274 

 Violet: 



Arrow-leaved, Viola sagittaia 

 Birdfoot, V. pedata 



Canada, V. canadensis 



Dogtooth, Erythronium americanum 



Long-spurred, V. rostrata 



White, V. blanda 



Wood, V. palmata 



Virginia creeper, see Vines 



Volcanoes, 18 



Warren's Woods, 205 



Water as a factor in plant and animal 



distribution, 95 



Water boatman, see Hemiptera 

 Water breathers, 101, 102 

 Water buttercup, Ranunculus aqiia- 



tilis 



Waterleaf, Hydro phyllum virginianum 

 Water lily: 



Yellow, Nymphaea advena 

 White, Castalia tuberosa 

 Water mite, Limnochares aquaticus, 



175 

 Water penny, Psphenus Icconlei, 287, 



288 



Water scavenger, 187 

 Water scorpion, see Hemiptera 

 Water shield, Brasenia Schreberi 

 Water sowbug, Asellus 

 Water tiger, 186 

 Wave action, 2, 3, 27 

 Waves, force of, 3 

 Weathering, 27 

 Weevil, see Coleoptera 

 White ants, 152 

 Wild ginger, Asarum canadense 

 Willow Springs, 13, 36, 64 t 

 Wind, erosion agent, 13 

 Wintergreen, see Checkerberry 

 Wisconsin Glacial Period, 57, 63, 79 

 Wormwood, Artemisia caudata 



Xerophyte, 96 

 Xerophytic adaptations, 98 



Zonation of life, 90 



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