SPAIN AND NORTHERN AFRICA 



291 



(2) The Mediterranean Sub-region is divided into four 

 provinces: (a) Tlie AleditiTiaiican jjicniiice proper; (h) the 

 Pontic ; (r) the Caucasian ; and (<l) the Atlantidean province. 



(a) The ATrditerranean provirice jarojjer is best considered 

 by further sulxUviding it, with Fischer and others, into separate 

 districts, eacli of which has certain peculiar characteristics. 



(i) The His^Hino-Algei'ian district includes tlie greater part 

 of the Iberian ])eninsula, the Balearic Islands, and northern 

 AiViea from Morocco to Tunis. The extreme western parts of 

 these districts, including West Morocco, Portugal, Asturias, and 

 south-west France, under tlie influence of the moist climate 

 caused l)y the Atlantic, show some peculiar features wliieli, in the 

 view of some, are suflicient to justify their separation IVoiu the 

 rest of the Hispano-Algerian })(H'tion. Among these is a marked 

 development of the slugs, Testacella, Arion, and Gcomalacus, the 

 latter of which occurs even in soutli-western Ireland. 



Spain. — The principal features are the development of the 

 Macularia, Iberus, and Gonostoma groups of Helix, and the occur- 



FiG. 194.— A, Parma- 

 cella I 'ale n c iensii 

 W. and B. x §. 



(After Moquiii- 

 Tandon.) A', .shell 

 nf the .samu, iiiilu- 

 ral size. 



rence of the remarkalilc slug FaT)nacrUa,\\']ik-]\ is found in many 

 other parts of the sub-region, and extends eastward as i'ai- as 

 Afghanistan. Clausilia has luil few species, mostly in the noitli. 

 There are fom- species of land o[)erculates, one of wliich is 

 referred to a genus (Tudura) now living only in the West 

 Indies, but which occurs in the Eocene fossils of the Paris 

 basin. In the south there are several species of Melanopsis and 

 Neritina. 



The States of Northern Africa have a thoroughly Aleditcrranean 

 fauna, whose facies on the whole shows rather moi-e atlinity to 

 S]iaiii than to Sieil}'. The Helices of Monjcco and Algeria 

 bt'loug to the same groups as those of southern S])ain. ^lany 

 are of a dead white coloui', the l)etter to resist th(! scoreliing 

 effect of the sun. Frr n ssacia is altundant, Gcomahicus and ]*t(i'- 



