2 94 DALMATIA, EGYPT, AND SYRIA chap. 



sacia and Pupa are well represented, and there are one each of 



Glandina and Daudehardia. 



Dalmatia and the adjacent districts are chiefly remarkable 



for the rich development of Clausilia, which here attains its 



maximum (nearly 100 species). The Camjyylaca section of 



Helix is represented l:)y its handsomest forms, 



many of which are studded wdth short 



hairs. Here too is the headquarters of 



Zonites proper, which stretches westward 



as far as Provence, and eastward to Asia 



Minor ; and also of the single European 



Glandina, which has a similar eastward 



1QQ A rv •;■ I'ange, Ijut spreads w^estward through Italy 



crassicosta Beu., and Sicily to Algeria, not occurring in 



Sicily; B Clausilia gQ^^her^ France. The land operculates are 



macarana Zieg., Dal- _ J- 



matia ; B', ciausiiiuiu chiefly represented by Pomatias, and among 



°^ ^^""•'' the fresh-water operculates are a Melania 



and a Litlioglyplius, the latter having probably spread from the 



basin of the Danube. 



(iv) The Eijypto-Syrian district extends along the south- 

 eastern shores of the Mediterranean from Tripoli to North Syria, 

 and eastward to the Euphrates valley. Lower Egypt alone 

 belongs to this portion, the fauna of Upper Egypt being of an 

 entirely tropical character, and belonging to the Ethiopian 

 Eegion. 



Lower Egypt. — The Mollusca of Lower Egypt stand in the 

 unique position of belonging, half to the Palaearctic, and half to 

 the Ethiopian Eegion. The land Mollusca are of a distinctly 

 Mediterranean type, while the fresh-water, directly connected as 

 they are by the great highway of the Nile with regions much 

 farther south, contain a large admixture of thoroughly tropical 

 genera {Amp)idlaria, Zanistes, Melania, Cleopatra, Corhicula, 

 Cyrena, Iridina, Spatha, Mviela). The Helices, which are not 

 numerous, are rather a mixture of circum-Mediterranean species 

 than of a specially distinctive character. H. dcscrtorum, how- 

 ever, belonging to the group Eremophila, is characteristic. There 

 is a single Parmacella, but the physical features of the country 

 are unfavourable to the occmTence of such genera as Clausilia, 

 Pv'pa, Hyalinia, and the land operculates. 



Syria. — The Mollusca, especially in the more mountainous 



