Notes from Archangel. 63 



aldcr-tl ticket,, under the shelter of the broad leaves of a plant 

 of Veratrum album ; and nearly all the others which we exa- 

 mined were similarly situated. Of this nest both birds were 

 procured : the male (now before us) is not in perfectly 

 mature plumage, the chestnut collar not being complete ; we 

 subsequently found other males breeding in the same imma- 

 ture state. An excellent series of figures of the head of this 

 species, in its various plumages, is given in Radde's ' Reisen 

 in Ost-Sibirien/ vol. ii. pi. iv. All the nests we found on the 

 13th and 14th July had newly hatched young; but we ob- 

 tained one fully fledged bird on the latter date, and others 

 soon after. 



38. Emberiza citrinella. The Yellow Bunting was very 

 abundant, and more generally distributed on the islands and 

 mainland than most other species. 



39. Emberiza rustica. The Rustic Bunting is certainly 

 much rarer than the next species. Those we procured were 

 found in marshy pine-woods, and in openings in the forests. 

 We had few opportunities of studying its habits. Its call- 

 note resembles that of its congeners. 



40. Emberiza pusilla. This pretty little Bunting is a 

 very common species, but apparently somewhat locally dis- 

 tributed. It frequents both pine- woods of large growth and 

 thickets of underwood, but seems to prefer young woods with 

 a mixture of pine, fir, alder, and birch. These birds were 

 exceedingly tame at all times, but more especially so when 

 their young were in the vicinity. We often heard their sweet 

 low song, more resembling the warbling of some Sylvia than 

 of an Emberiza, which was generally poured forth from the 

 top of a tree ; they had also a low cry of alarm, which may 

 be expressed by the words " tick, tick, tick " repeated at in- 

 tervals of about a second. We did not find any nests, but 

 obtained the young in several stages. 



41. Emberiza sch(enicla. Very common and pretty gene- 

 rally distributed. 



Obs. — Plectrophanes calcarata and P. nivalis are represented 



