Dr. J. Murie on the Upupidae. 189 



logy. In the 12th edition of the 'Syst. Nat/ we find the 

 Picse containing Trochilus, Certhia, Upupa, Glaucopis, Bu- 

 phaga, Sitta, &c, a subsection with gressorial feet including 

 Buceros, Alcedo, &c. Brisson* puts Upupa and Promerops in 

 his birds of the 7th order — " le bee menu, et un peu courbe 

 en arc ; " and before it come the Beef-eaters and Starlings, 

 and after it the Swallows. Illiger'sf Ambulatores comprise 

 Angulirostres (Alcedo, Merops), Suspensi (Trochilus), Tenui- 

 rostres (Nectarinia, Tichodroma, and Upupa) , and Pygarrhichi 

 ( Certhia, Dendrocolaptes) . Vieillot % puts the Epopsides as the 

 23rd family of this Tribe, Anisodactyles, after Anthomyses (Co- 

 libri) , and before the Pelmatodes = Bee-eaters and Kingfishers. 

 Koch § adopts as orders Picus, Sitta, Alcedo, Certhia, Upupa, 

 Coracias, Oriolus, Corvus. Cuvier || under his Tenuirostres 

 ranges Upupa, Promerops, and Epimachus. These come after 

 the Rollers and Birds of Paradise, and precede the Syndactyli. 

 Temminck's^[ order Anisodactyles, in which Certhia, Ticho- 

 droma, and Upupa find place, was followed by the Alcyones 

 Merops and Alcedo. Latham's** Picse nearly corresponds with 

 that of writers of the period. With Wagler ft Epimachus and 

 Upupa come after the Toucan &c, and before the Piapec. 

 Lesson's % % family "Les Upupees" contains of genera Epi- 

 machus (Ptiloris), Falcinellus, Promerops, Upupa, Fregilupus, 

 Fregilus, and Corcorax. 



In his classification of birds §§ Mr. Swainson places 

 Upupa between Promerops and Epimachus, the three forming 

 his subfamily Promeropidse, which follows the Humming- 

 birds (Trochilidse) , and precedes the Paradise-birds (Para- 

 diseadae), the whole constituting a family of the tribe of Te- 

 nuirostres (Suctorial birds) . He remarks, "the Hoopoes (Pro- 

 meropidse) betray so close a resemblance to the Bee-eaters, 



* ' Ornithologie.' tome ii. p. 453. t Proclromus, 1811. 



\ Diet, d'liist. Nat. 



§ System der Baierischen Vogel, Zoologie, von Karl Ludwig Koch, 

 1816. II Regne Animal. 



IT Manuel d'Ornithologie, 1820, 2nd ed. pt. i. p. 414. 

 ** History of Birds, 1822. tt Systema Avium, 1827. 



tt Traite d'Omith. vol. i. p. 319. 

 §§ Cabinet Cyclopaedia, vol. ii. p. 143, and p. 331. 



