Dr. J. Murie on the UpupicUe. 199 



longitudinal sulcus. The prefrontals and interorbital area are 

 relatively broader than in Irrisor, and altogether higher, while 

 evidence of suture with the bill and production of premax- 

 illary splints is obliterated. The small nostril has no groove 

 behind leading to supraorbital foramen — the representative of 

 the latter being reduced to a speck. The palatine formation es- 

 sentially agrees ; but the spongy maxillo-palatines and ossified 

 nasal septum are well nigh flush with the anterior palatine 

 bars. The post-inner palatine angles are narrowed, leaving 

 greater space between them and the long delicate external 

 retrocurrent spines. The knuckles of the quadrate are more 

 rounded and prominent than in Irrisor. 



I subjoin a series of calculations affording evidence that the 

 ratio of the bones of the limbs present a certain agreement 

 among themselves, but yet differ in the three genera, frrisor 

 has proportionally the greatest tibia, and Rhinopomastus the 

 relatively longest tarso-metatarse to metacarpus. In pro- 

 portion of entire leg to wing they both exceed Upupa. 



Irrisor Bhinopo- 



Upupa erythrorhyn- mastus cyano- 



epops, $ . chus, $ . melas, $ . 



Ulna to humerus 132 : 100 133 : 100 125 : 100 



Metacarpus to humerus 57 : 100 62 : 100 50 : 100 



Mid digit to humerus 39 : 100 50 : 100 40 : 100 



Tibia to Femur 157 : 100 222 : 100 171 : 100 



Tarso-metatarse to femur 94 : 100 100 : 100 114 : 100 



Mid anterior toe to femur .... 84 : 100 127 : 100 107 : 100 



Humerus to wing 30:100 27:100 31:100 



Ulna to wing 40 : 100 38 : 100 39 : 100 



Metacarpus to wing 17 : 100 18 : 100 15: 100 



Mid digit to wing 12 : 100 14 : 100 12 : 100 



Femur to leg 22 : 100 18 : 100 20 : 100 



Tibia to leg 34 : 100 40 : 100 35 . 100 



Tarso-metatarse to leg 20 : 100 18 : 100 23 : 100 



Anterior mid toe to leg 18 : 100 23 : 100 22 : 100 



Femur to humerus CO : 100 75 : 100 70 : 100 



Tibia to ulna 83 : 100 125 : 100 95 : 100 



Tarso-metatarse to metacarpus. Ill : 100 120 : 100 160 : 100 



Mid ant. toe to mid dig. of wing 145 : 100 191 : 100 187 : 100 



Leg to wing 94 : 100 1 19 : 100 109 : 100 



